Through a geometric capacitary analysis based on space dualities, this paper addresses several fundamental aspects of functional analysis and potential theory for the Morrey spaces in harmonic analysis over the Euclidean spaces.

We give a detailed proof of Siu’s theorem on extendibility of holomorphic vector bundles of rank larger than one, and prove a corresponding extension theorem for holomorphic sprays. We apply this result to study ellipticity properties of complements of compact subsets in Stein manifolds. In particular we show that the complement of a closed ball in $\mathbb{C}^{n}, n \geq3$ , is not subelliptic.

We study a certain improved fractional Sobolev–Poincaré inequality on domains, which can be considered as a fractional counterpart of the classical Sobolev–Poincaré inequality. We prove the equivalence of the corresponding weak and strong type inequalities; this leads to a simple proof of a strong type inequality on John domains. We also give necessary conditions for the validity of an improved fractional Sobolev–Poincaré inequality, in particular, we show that a domain of finite measure, satisfying this inequality and a ‘separation property’, is a John domain.

We introduce fusion bialgebras and their duals and systematically study their Fourier analysis. As an application, we discover new efficient analytic obstructions on the unitary categorification of fusion rings. We prove the Hausdorff-Young inequality, uncertainty principles for fusion bialgebras and their duals. We show that the Schur product property, Young's inequality and the sum-set estimate hold for fusion bialgebras, but not always on their duals. If the fusion ring is the Grothendieck ring of a unitary fusion category, then these inequalities hold on the duals. Therefore, these inequalities are analytic obstructions of categorification. We classify simple integral fusion rings of Frobenius type up to rank 8 and of Frobenius-Perron dimension less than 4080. We find 34 ones, 4 of which are group-like and 28 of which can be eliminated by applying the Schur product property on the dual. In general, these inequalities are obstructions to subfactorize fusion bialgebras.

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We determine exact exponential asymptotics of eigenfunctions and of corresponding transfer matrices of the almost Mathieu operators for all frequencies in the localization regime. This uncovers a universal structure in their behavior, governed by the continued fraction expansion of the frequency, explaining some predictions in physics literature. In addition it proves the arithmetic version of the frequency transition conjecture. Finally, it leads to an explicit description of several non-regularity phenomena in the corresponding non-uniformly hyperbolic cocycles, which is also of interest as both the first natural example of some of those phenomena and, more generally, the first non-artificial model where non-regularity can be explicitly studied.

The classical de Finetti theorem in probability theory relates symmetry under the permutation group with the independence of random variables. This result has application in quantum information. Here we study states that are invariant with respect to a natural action of the braid group, and we emphasize the pictorial formulation and interpretation of our results. We prove a new type of de Finetti theorem for the four-string, double-braid group acting on the parafermion algebra to braid qudits, a natural symmetry in the quon language for quantum information. We prove that a braid-invariant state is extremal if and only if it is a product state. Furthermore, we provide an explicit characterization of braid-invariant states on the parafermion algebra, including finding a distinction that depends on whether the order of the parafermion algebra is square free. We characterize the extremal nature of product states (an inverse de Finetti theorem).

The main result of this paper, Theorem 1.5, gives explicit formulae for the kernels of the ergodic decomposition measures for infinite Pickrell measures on the space of infinite complex matrices. The kernels are obtained as the scaling limits of Christoffel-Uvarov deformations of Jacobi orthogonal polynomial ensembles.

Going beyond the linearized study has been a longstanding problem in the theory of Landau damping. In this paper we establish exponential Landau damping in analytic regularity. The damping phenomenon is reinterpreted in terms of transfer of regularity between kinetic and spatial variables, rather than exchanges of energy; phase mixing is the driving mechanism. The analysis involves new families of analytic norms, measuring regularity by comparison with solutions of the free transport equation; new functional inequalities; a control of non-linear echoes; sharp “deflection” estimates; and a Newton approximation scheme. Our results hold for any potential no more singular than Coulomb or Newton interaction; the limit cases are included with specific technical effort. As a side result, the stability of homogeneous equilibria of the non-linear Vlasov equation is established under sharp assumptions. We point out the strong analogy with the KAM theory, and discuss physical implications. Finally, we extend these results to some Gevrey (non-analytic) distribution functions.

For a compact connected set$X$⊆$ℓ$^{∞}, we define a quantity$β$′($x$,$r$) that measures how close$X$may be approximated in a ball$B$($x$,$r$) by a geodesic curve. We then show that there is$c$>0 so that if$β$′($x$,$r$)>$β$>0 for all$x$∈$X$and$r$<$r$_{0}, then $\operatorname{dim}X>1+c\beta^{2}$ . This generalizes a theorem of Bishop and Jones and answers a question posed by Bishop and Tyson.

In this paper we connect Calderón and Zygmund’s notion of Lp-differentiability (Calderón and Zygmund, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 46:1385–1389, 1960) with some recent characterizations of Sobolev spaces via the asymptotics of non-local functionals due to Bourgain, Brezis, and Mironescu (Optimal Control and Partial Differential Equations, pp. 439–455, 2001). We show how the results of the former can be generalized to the setting of the latter, while the latter results can be strengthened in the spirit of the former. As a consequence of these results we give several new characterizations of Sobolev spaces, a novel condition for whether a function of bounded variation is in the Sobolev space W1,1, and complete the proof of a characterization of the Sobolev spaces recently claimed in (Leoni and Spector, J Funct Anal 261:2926–2958, 2011; Leoni and Spector, J Funct Anal 266:1106–1114, 2014).

We prove the equivalence between some functional inequalities and the ultracontractivity property of the heat semigroup on infinite graphs. These functional inequalities include Sobolev inequalities, Nash inequalities, Faber–Krahn inequalities, and log-Sobolev inequalities. We also show that, under the assumptions of volume growth and CDE(n, 0), which is regarded as the natural notion of curvature on graphs, these four functional inequalities and the ultracontractivity property of the heat semigroup are all true on graphs.

Let $A$ be a complex, commutative unital Banach algebra. We introduce two notions of exponential reducibility of Banach algebra tuples and present an analogue to the Corach-Suárez result on the connection between reducibility in $A$ and in $C(M(A))$ . Our methods are of an analytical nature. Necessary and sufficient geometric/topological conditions are given for reducibility (respectively reducibility to the principal component of $U_{n}(A)$ ) whenever the spectrum of $A$ is homeomorphic to a subset of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ .

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In this paper, we show how under the continuum hypothesis one can obtain an integral representation for elements of the topological dual of the space of functions of bounded variation in terms of Lebesgue and Kolmogorov-Burkill integrals.

An analogue of the well-known $$ \frac{3}{{16}} $$ lower bound for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian for a congruence hyperbolic surface is proven for a congruence tower associated with any non-elementary subgroup$L$of SL(2,$Z$). The proof in the case that the Hausdorff of the limit set of$L$is bigger than $$ \frac{1}{2} $$ is based on a general result which allows one to transfer such bounds from a combinatorial version to this archimedian setting. In the case that delta is less than $$ \frac{1}{2} $$ we formulate and prove a somewhat weaker version of this phenomenon in terms of poles of the corresponding dynamical zeta function. These “spectral gaps” are then applied to sieving problems on orbits of such groups.

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In this paper we establish new $L^1$-type estimates for the classical Riesz potentials of order $\alpha \in (0, N)$: \[ \|I_\alpha u\|_{L^{N/(N-\alpha)}(\mathbb{R}^N)} \leq C \|Ru\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^N;\mathbb{R}^N)}. \] This sharpens the result of Stein and Weiss on the mapping properties of Riesz potentials on the real Hardy space $\mathcal{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and provides a new family of $L^1$-Sobolev inequalities for the Riesz fractional gradient.

We prove that for any free ergodic probability measure-preserving action $${\mathbb{F}_n \curvearrowright (X, \mu)}$$ of a free group on$n$generators $${\mathbb{F}_n, 2\leq n \leq \infty}$$ , the associated group measure space II_{1}factor $${L^\infty (X)\rtimes \mathbb{F}_n}$$ has$L$^{∞}($X$) as its unique Cartan subalgebra, up to unitary conjugacy. We deduce that group measure space II_{1}factors arising from actions of free groups with different number of generators are never isomorphic. We actually prove unique Cartan decomposition results for II_{1}factors arising from arbitrary actions of a much larger family of groups, including all free products of amenable groups and their direct products.

Strong compactness results for families of functions in seminormed nonnegative cones in the spirit of the Aubin-Lions-Dubinski\u{\i} lemma are proven, refining some recent results in the literature. The first theorem sharpens slightly a result of Dubinski\u{\i} (1965) for seminormed cones. The second theorem applies to piecewise constant functions in time and sharpens slightly the results of Dreher and J\"ungel (2012) and Chen and Liu (2012). An application is given, which is useful in the study of porous-medium or fast-diffusion type equations.

We obtain characterizations of positive Borel measures$μ$on$B$^{$n$}so that some weighted holomorphic Besov spaces$B$_{$s$}^{$p$}($ω$,$B$^{$n$}) are embedded in$L$^{$p$}($d$$μ$).

We prove the complete monotonicity on $${(0, \infty)^{n}}$$ for suitable inverse powers of the spanning-tree polynomials of graphs and, more generally, of the basis generating polynomials of certain classes of matroids. This generalizes a result of Szegő and answers, among other things, a long-standing question of Lewy and Askey concerning the positivity of Taylor coefficients for certain rational functions. Our proofs are based on two ab-initio methods for proving that $${P^{-\beta}}$$ is completely monotone on a convex cone$C$: the determinantal method and the quadratic-form method. These methods are closely connected with harmonic analysis on Euclidean Jordan algebras (or equivalently on symmetric cones). We furthermore have a variety of constructions that, given such polynomials, can create other ones with the same property: among these are algebraic analogues of the matroid operations of deletion, contraction, direct sum, parallel connection, series connection and 2-sum. The complete monotonicity of $${P^{-\beta}}$$ for some $${\beta > 0}$$ can be viewed as a strong quantitative version of the half-plane property (Hurwitz stability) for$P$, and is also related to the Rayleigh property for matroids.

We prove the existence of a resonance-free region in scattering by a strictly convex obstacle $\mathcal{O}$ with the Robin boundary condition $\partial_{\nu}u+\gamma u|_{\partial\mathcal{O}}=0$ . More precisely, we show that the scattering resonances lie below a cubic curve ℑ$ζ$=−$S$|$ζ$|^{1/3}+$C$. The constant$S$is the same as in the case of the Neumann boundary condition$γ$=0. This generalizes earlier results on cubic pole-free regions obtained for the Dirichlet boundary condition.

We construct a conformally invariant random family of closed curves in the plane by welding of random homeomorphisms of the unit circle. The homeomorphism is constructed using the exponential of$βX$, where X is the restriction of the 2-dimensional free field on the circle and the parameter$β$is in the “high temperature” regime $$ \beta < \sqrt {2} $$ . The welding problem is solved by studying a non-uniformly elliptic Beltrami equation with a random complex dilatation. For the existence a method of Lehto is used. This requires sharp probabilistic estimates to control conformal moduli of annuli and they are proven by decomposing the free field as a sum of independent fixed scale fields and controlling the correlations of the complex dilatation restricted to dyadic cells of various scales. For the uniqueness we invoke a result by Jones and Smirnov on conformal removability of Hölder curves. Our curves are closely related to SLE($ϰ$) for$ϰ$<4.