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Exact sign structure of the t-J chain and the single hole ground state

Zheng Zhu Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Qing-Rui Wang Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China D. N. Sheng Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA Zheng-Yu Weng Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

arXiv subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) arXiv subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) mathscidoc:2206.48001

Nuclear Physics B, 903, 51-77, 2016.2
Injecting a single hole into a one-dimensional Heisenberg spin chain is probably the simplest case of doping a Mott insulator. The motion of such a single hole will generally induce a many-body phase shift, which can be identified by an exact sign structure of the model known as the phase string. We show that the sign structure is nontrivial even in this simplest problem, which is responsible for the essential properties of Mott physics. We find that the characteristic momentum structure, the Luttinger liquid behavior, and the quantum phase interference of the hole under a periodic boundary condition, can all be attributed to it. We use the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) numerical simulation to make a comparative study of the t-J chain and a model in which the sign structure is switched off. We further show that the key DMRG results can be reproduced by a variational wave function with incorporating the correct sign structure. Physical implications of the sign structure for doped Mott insulators in general are also discussed.
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@inproceedings{zheng2016exact,
  title={Exact sign structure of the t-J chain and the single hole ground state},
  author={Zheng Zhu, Qing-Rui Wang, D. N. Sheng, and Zheng-Yu Weng},
  url={http://archive.ymsc.tsinghua.edu.cn/pacm_paperurl/20220618155349599527400},
  booktitle={Nuclear Physics B},
  volume={903},
  pages={51-77},
  year={2016},
}
Zheng Zhu, Qing-Rui Wang, D. N. Sheng, and Zheng-Yu Weng. Exact sign structure of the t-J chain and the single hole ground state. 2016. Vol. 903. In Nuclear Physics B. pp.51-77. http://archive.ymsc.tsinghua.edu.cn/pacm_paperurl/20220618155349599527400.
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