Given a gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) $\mathcal{T}_{X}$ realizing a projective variety $X$ in one of its phases, i.e. its quantum K\"ahler moduli has a geometric point, we propose an \emph{extended} GLSM $\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{X}}$ realizing the homological projective dual category $\mathcal{C}$ to $D^{b}Coh(X)$ as the category of B-branes of the Higgs branch of one of its phases. In most of the cases, the models $\mathcal{T}_{X}$ and $\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{X}}$ are anomalous and the analysis of their Coulomb and mixed Coulomb-Higgs branches gives information on the semiorthogonal/Lefschetz decompositions of $\mathcal{C}$ and $D^{b}Coh(X)$. We also study the models $\mathcal{T}_{X_{L}}$ and $\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{X}_{L}}$ that correspond to homological projective duality of linear sections $X_{L}$ of $X$. This explains why, in many cases, two phases of a GLSM are related by homological projective duality. We study mostly abelian examples: linear and Veronese embeddings of $\mathbb{P}^{n}$ and Fano complete intersections in $\mathbb{P}^{n}$. In such cases, we are able to reproduce known results as well as produce some new conjectures. In addition, we comment on the construction of the HPD to a nonabelian GLSM for the Pl\"ucker embedding of the Grassmannian $G(k,N)$.

We introduce fusion bialgebras and their duals and systematically study their Fourier analysis. As an application, we discover new efficient analytic obstructions on the unitary categorification of fusion rings. We prove the Hausdorff-Young inequality, uncertainty principles for fusion bialgebras and their duals. We show that the Schur product property, Young's inequality and the sum-set estimate hold for fusion bialgebras, but not always on their duals. If the fusion ring is the Grothendieck ring of a unitary fusion category, then these inequalities hold on the duals. Therefore, these inequalities are analytic obstructions of categorification. We classify simple integral fusion rings of Frobenius type up to rank 8 and of Frobenius-Perron dimension less than 4080. We find 34 ones, 4 of which are group-like and 28 of which can be eliminated by applying the Schur product property on the dual. In general, these inequalities are obstructions to subfactorize fusion bialgebras.

We construct a new subfactor planar algebra, and as a corollary a new subfactor, with the ‘extended Haagerup’ principal graph pair. This completes the classification of irreducible amenable subfactors with index in the range ( $$ {4},{3} + \sqrt {{3}} $$ ), which was initiated by Haagerup in 1993. We prove that the subfactor planar algebra with these principal graphs is unique. We give a skein-theoretic description, and a description as a subalgebra generated by a certain element in the graph planar algebra of its principal graph. In the skein-theoretic description there is an explicit algorithm for evaluating closed diagrams. This evaluation algorithm is unusual because intermediate steps may increase the number of generators in a diagram. This is the published version ofarXiv:0909.4099 [math.OA].

Nakaoka and Palu introduced the notion of extriangulated categories by extracting the similarities between exact categories and triangulated categories. In this paper, we study cotorsion pairs in a Frobenius extriangulated category $\C$. Especially, for a $2$-Calabi-Yau extriangulated category $\C$ with a cluster structure, we describe the cluster substructure in the cotorsion pairs. For rooted cluster algebras arising from $\C$ with cluster tilting objects, we give a one-to-one correspondence between cotorsion pairs in $\C$ and certain pairs of their rooted cluster subalgebras which we call complete pairs. Finally, we explain this correspondence by an example relating to a Grassmannian cluster algebra.

The first author constructed a q-parameterized spherical category $\sC$ over C(q) in [Liu15], whose simple objects are labelled by all Young diagrams. In this paper, we compute closed-form expressions for the fusion rule of $\sC$, using Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, as well as the characters (including a generating function), using symmetric functions with infinite variables.

This paper classifies the Grothendieck rings of complex fusion categories of multiplicity one up to rank six. Among 72 possible fusion rings, 25 ones are filtered out by using categorification criteria. Each of the remaining 47 fusion rings admits a unitary complex categorification. We found 6 new Grothendieck rings, categorified by applying a localization approach of the Pentagon Equation.

Consider a complete abelian category which has an injective cogenerator. If its derived category is left-complete we show that the dual of this derived category satisfies Brown representability. In particular, this is true for the derived category of an abelian AB $4^{*}$ - $n$ category and for the derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves over a nice enough scheme, including the projective finitely dimensional space.

In this note, we discuss the notion of symmetric self-duality of shaded planar algebras, which allows us to lift shadings on subfactor planar algebras to obtain Z/2Z-graded unitary fusion categories. This finishes the proof that there are unitary fusion categories with fusion graphs 4442 and 3333.

In this paper, we introduce a motivic version of To¨en’s derived Hall algebra. Then we point out that the two kinds of Hall algebras in the sense of To¨en and Kontsevich–Soibelman, respectively, are Drinfeld dual pairs, not only in the classical case (by counting over finite fields) but also in the motivic version. Consequently they are canonically isomorphic. All proofs, including that for the most important associative property, are deduced in a self-contained way by analyzing the symmetry properties around the octahedral axiom, a method we used previously

We propose the notion of partial resolution of a ring, which is by definition the endomorphism ring of a certain generator of the given ring. We prove that the singularity category of the partial resolution is a quotient of the singularity category of the given ring. Consequences and examples are given.

We show that the standard graded cover of the well-known category $\mathcal{O}$ of Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand can be characterized by its compatibility with the action of the center of the enveloping algebra.

Some uniform theorems on the artinianness of certain local cohomology modules are proven in a general situation. They generalize and imply previous results about the artinianness of some special local cohomology modules in the graded case.

Let V be an N-graded, simple, self-contragredient, C_2-cofinite vertex operator algebra. We show that if the S-transformation of the character of V is a linear combination of characters of V-modules, then the category C of grading-restricted generalized V-modules is a rigid tensor category. We further show, without any assumption on the character of V but assuming that C is rigid, that C is a factorizable finite ribbon category, that is, a not-necessarily-semisimple modular tensor category. As a consequence, we show that if the Zhu algebra of V is semisimple, then C is semisimple and thus V is rational. The proofs of these theorems use techniques and results from tensor categories together with the method of Moore-Seiberg and Huang for deriving identities of two-point genus-one correlation functions associated to V. We give two main applications. First, we prove the conjecture of Kac-Wakimoto and Arakawa that C_2-cofinite affine W-algebras obtained via quantum Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction of admissible-level affine vertex algebras are strongly rational. The proof uses the recent result of Arakawa and van Ekeren that such W-algebras have semisimple (Ramond twisted) Zhu algebras. Second, we use our rigidity results to reduce the "coset rationality problem" to the problem of C2-cofiniteness for the coset. That is, given a vertex operator algebra inclusion U⊗V↪A with A, U strongly rational and U, V a pair of mutual commutant subalgebras in A, we show that V is also strongly rational provided it is C_2-cofinite.

Homology theory relative to classes of objects other than those of projective or injective objects in abelian categories has been widely studied in the last years, giving a special relevance to Gorenstein homological algebra. We prove the existence of Gorenstein flat precovers in any locally finitely presented Grothendieck category in which the class of flat objects is closed under extensions, the existence of Gorenstein injective preenvelopes in any locally noetherian Grothendieck category in which the class of all Gorenstein injective objects is closed under direct products, and the existence of special Gorenstein injective preenvelopes in locally noetherian Grothendieck categories with a generator lying in the left orthogonal class to that of Gorenstein injective objects.

We prove that any “finite-type” component of a stability space of a triangulated category is contractible. The motivating example of such a component is the stability space of the Calabi–Yau–N category D(Gamma_N Q) associated to an ADE Dynkin quiver. In addition to showing that this is contractible we prove that the braid group Br(Q) acts freely upon it by spherical twists, in particular that the spherical twist group Br(Gamma_N Q) is isomorphic to Br(Q). This generalises the result of Brav–Thomas for the N=2 case. Other classes of triangulated categories with finite-type components in their stability spaces include locally finite triangulated categories with finite-rank Grothendieck group and discrete derived categories of finite global dimension.

In this paper, we introduce multiscale persistent functions for biomolecular structure characterization. The essential idea is to combine our multiscale rigidity functions with persistent homology analysis, so as to construct a series of multiscale persistent functions, particularly multiscale persistent entropies, for structure characterization. To clarify the fundamental idea of our method, the multiscale persistent entropy model is discussed in great detail. Mathematically, unlike the previous persistent entropy or topological entropy, a special resolution parameter is incorporated into our model. Various scales can be achieved by tuning its value. Physically, our multiscale persistent entropy can be used in conformation entropy evaluation. More specifically, it is found that our method incorporates in it a natural classification scheme. This is achieved through a density filtration of a multiscale rigidity function built from bond and/or dihedral angle distributions. To further validate our model, a systematical comparison with the traditional entropy evaluation model is done. It is found that our model is able to preserve the intrinsic topological features of biomolecular data much better than traditional approaches, particularly for resolutions in the mediate range. Moreover, our method can be successfully used in protein classification. For a test database with around nine hundred proteins, a clear separation between all-alpha and all-beta proteins can be achieved, using only the dihedral and pseudo-bond angle information. Finally, a special protein structure index (PSI) is proposed, for the first time, to describe the "regularity" of protein structures. Essentially, PSI can be used to describe the "regularity" information in any systems.

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We study cluster categories arising from marked surfaces (with punctures and nonempty boundaries). By constructing skewed-gentle algebras, we show that there is a bijection between tagged curves and string objects. Applications include interpreting dimensions of Ext1 as intersection numbers of tagged curves and Auslander-Reiten translation as tagged rotation. An important consequence is that the cluster(-tilting) exchange graphs of such cluster categories are connected.

We show that direct limit completions of vertex tensor categories inherit vertex and braided tensor category structures, under conditions that hold for example for all known Virasoro and affine Lie algebra tensor categories. A consequence is that the theory of vertex operator (super)algebra extensions also applies to infinite-order extensions. As an application, we relate rigid and non-degenerate vertex tensor categories of certain modules for both the affine vertex superalgebra of osp(1|2) and the N=1 super Virasoro algebra to categories of Virasoro algebra modules via certain cosets.

Universal extensions arise naturally in the Auslander bijections. For an abelian category having Auslander-Reiten duality, we exploit a bijection triangle, which involves the Auslander bijections, universal extensions and the Auslander-Reiten duality. Some consequences are given, in particular, a conjecture by Ringel is verified.

We study derived categories arising from quivers with potential associated to a decorated marked surface S_Delta, in the sense taken in a paper by Qiu. We prove two conjectures from Qiu’s paper in which, under a bijection between certain objects in these categories and certain arcs in S, the dimensions of morphisms between these objects equal the intersection numbers between the corresponding arcs.

Let O_c be the category of finite-length central-charge-c modules for the Virasoro Lie algebra whose composition factors are irreducible quotients of reducible Verma modules. Recently, it has been shown that O_c admits vertex algebraic tensor category structure for any c∈C. Here, we determine the structure of this tensor category when c=13−6p−6/p for an integer p>1. For such c, we prove that O_c is rigid, and we construct projective covers of irreducible modules in a natural tensor subcategory O_c^0. We then compute all tensor products involving irreducible modules and their projective covers. Using these tensor product formulas, we show that O_c has a semisimplification which, as an abelian category, is the Deligne product of two tensor subcategories that are tensor equivalent to the Kazhdan-Lusztig categories for affine sl_2 at levels −2+p^±1. Next, as a straightforward consequence of the braided tensor category structure on O_c together with the theory of vertex operator algebra extensions, we rederive known results for triplet vertex operator algebras W(p), including rigidity, fusion rules, and construction of projective covers. Finally, we prove a recent conjecture of Negron that O_c^0 is braided tensor equivalent to the PSL(2,C)-equivariantization of the category of W(p)-modules.

Let V be a vertex operator algebra with a category C of (generalized) modules that has vertex tensor category structure, and thus braided tensor category structure, and let A be a vertex operator (super)algebra extension of V. We employ tensor categories to study untwisted (also called local) A-modules in C, using results of Huang-Kirillov-Lepowsky showing that A is a (super)algebra object in C and that generalized A-modules in C correspond exactly to local modules for the corresponding (super)algebra object. Both categories, of local modules for a C-algebra and (under suitable conditions) of generalized A-modules, have natural braided monoidal category structure, given in the first case by Pareigis and Kirillov-Ostrik and in the second case by Huang-Lepowsky-Zhang. Our main result is that the Huang-Kirillov-Lepowsky isomorphism of categories between local (super)algebra modules and extended vertex operator (super)algebra modules is also an isomorphism of braided monoidal (super)categories. Using this result, we show that induction from a suitable subcategory of V-modules to A-modules is a vertex tensor functor. We give two applications. First, we derive Verlinde formulae for regular vertex operator superalgebras and regular (1/2)ℤ-graded vertex operator algebras by realizing them as (super)algebra objects in the vertex tensor categories of their even and ℤ-graded components, respectively. Second, we analyze parafermionic cosets C=Com(V_L,V) where L is a positive definite even lattice and V is regular. If the category of either V-modules or C-modules is understood, then our results classify all inequivalent simple modules for the other algebra and determine their fusion rules and modular character transformations. We illustrate both directions with several examples.

We show that the category of finite-length generalized modules for the singlet vertex algebra M(p), p∈Z_+, is equal to the category O_M(p) of C_1-cofinite M(p)-modules, and that this category admits the vertex algebraic braided tensor category structure of Huang-Lepowsky-Zhang. Since O_M(p) includes the uncountably many typical M(p)-modules, which are simple M(p)-module structures on Heisenberg Fock modules, our results substantially extend our previous work on tensor categories of atypical M(p)-modules. We also introduce a tensor subcategory O_M(p)^T, graded by an algebraic torus T, which has enough projectives and is conjecturally tensor equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional weight modules for the unrolled restricted quantum group of sl_2 at a 2pth root of unity. We compute all tensor products involving simple and projective M(p)-modules, and we prove that both tensor categories O_M(p) and O_M(p)^T are rigid and thus also ribbon. As an application, we use vertex operator algebra extension theory to show that the representation categories of all finite cyclic orbifolds of the triplet vertex algebras W(p) are non-semisimple modular tensor categories, and we confirm a conjecture of Adamović-Lin-Milas on the classification of simple modules for these finite cyclic orbifolds.

We show that the Kazhdan-Lusztig category KL_k of level-k finite-length modules with highest-weight composition factors for the affine Lie superalgebra gl(1|1)ˆ has vertex algebraic braided tensor supercategory structure, and that its full subcategory O_k^fin of objects with semisimple Cartan subalgebra actions is a tensor subcategory. We show that every simple gl(1|1)ˆ-module in KL_k has a projective cover in O_k^fin, and we determine all fusion rules involving simple and projective objects in O_k^fin. Then using Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, we prove that KL_k and O_k^fin are rigid. As an application of the tensor supercategory structure on O_k^fin, we study certain module categories for the affine Lie superalgebra sl(2|1)ˆ at levels 1 and −1/2. In particular, we obtain a tensor category of sl(2|1)ˆ-modules at level −1/2 that includes relaxed highest-weight modules and their images under spectral flow.