In this paper, we show that as τ → √−1∞, any zero of the Lam´e function converges to either ∞ or a finite point p satisfying Rep = 1 2 and e2πip being an algebraic number. Our proof is based on studying a special family of simply-periodic KdV potentials with period 1, i.e. algebro-geometric simply-periodic solutions of the KdV hierarchy. We show that except the pole 0, all other poles of such KdV potentials locate on the line Rez = 1 2. We also compute explicitly the eigenvalue setofthecorresponding L2[0,1] eigenvalueproblemforsuchKdVpotentials, thus extends Takemura’s works [26, 27]. Our main idea is to apply the classification result for simply-periodic KdV potentials by Gesztesy, Unterkofler and Weikard [11] and the Darboux transformation.

We study differentiability properties of a potential of the type K⋆μ, where μ is a finite Radon measure in RN and the kernel K satisfies |∇jK(x)|≤C|x|−(N−1+j),j=0,1,2. We introduce a notion of differentiability in the capacity sense, where capacity is classical capacity in the de la Vallée Poussin sense associated with the kernel |x|−(N−1). We require that the first order remainder at a point is small when measured by means of a normalized weak capacity “norm” in balls of small radii centered at the point. This implies weak LN/(N−1) differentiability and thus Lp differentiability in the Calderón–Zygmund sense for 1≤p<N/(N−1). We show that K⋆μ is a.e. differentiable in the capacity sense, thus strengthening a recent result by Ambrosio, Ponce and Rodiac. We also present an alternative proof of a quantitative theorem of the authors just mentioned, giving pointwise Lipschitz estimates for K⋆μ. As an application, we study level sets of newtonian potentials of finite Radon measures.

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