For a compact connected set$X$⊆$ℓ$^{∞}, we define a quantity$β$′($x$,$r$) that measures how close$X$may be approximated in a ball$B$($x$,$r$) by a geodesic curve. We then show that there is$c$>0 so that if$β$′($x$,$r$)>$β$>0 for all$x$∈$X$and$r$<$r$_{0}, then $\operatorname{dim}X>1+c\beta^{2}$ . This generalizes a theorem of Bishop and Jones and answers a question posed by Bishop and Tyson.

We find a concise relation between the moduli $\tau , \rho$ of a rational Narain lattice $\Gamma (\tau, \rho)$ and the corresponding momentum lattices of left and right chiral algebras via the Gauss product. As a byproduct, we find an identity which counts the cardinality of a certain double coset space defined for isometries between the discriminant forms of rank two lattices.

We study minimizers of the functionalwhere $B_{1}^{{\mathchoice {\raise .17ex\hbox {$\scriptstyle +$}} {\raise .17ex\hbox {$\scriptstyle +$}} {\raise .1ex\hbox {$\scriptscriptstyle +$}} {\scriptscriptstyle +}}}=\{x\in B_{1}: x_{1}>0\}$ ,$u$=0 on {$x$∈$B$_{1}:$x$_{1}=0}, $\lambda^{{\mathchoice {\raise .17ex\hbox {$\scriptstyle \pm $}} {\raise .17ex\hbox {$\scriptstyle \pm $}} {\raise .1ex\hbox {$\scriptscriptstyle \pm $}} {\scriptscriptstyle \pm }}}$ are two positive constants and 0<$p$<1. In two dimensions, we prove that the free boundary is a uniform$C$^{1}graph up to the flat part of the fixed boundary and also that two-phase points cannot occur on this part of the fixed boundary. Here, the free boundary refers to the union of the boundaries of the sets {$x$:±$u$($x$)>0}.

Let$C$and$C$′ be two smooth self-transverse immersions of$S$^{1}into ℝ^{2}. Both$C$and$C$′ subdivide the plane into a number of disks and one unbounded component. An isotopy of the plane which takes$C$to$C$′ induces a one-to-one correspondence between the disks of$C$and$C$′. An obvious necessary condition for there to exist an area-preserving isotopy of the plane taking$C$to$C$′ is that there exists an isotopy for which the area of every disk of$C$equals that of the corresponding disk of$C$′. In this paper we show that this is also a sufficient condition.

No abstract uploaded!

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate in a rather general setup how isoperimetric inequalities and lower bounds of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian can be derived from existence of a distance function with controllable

Let $K$ be a self-similar set satisfying the open set condition. Following Kaimanovich’s elegant idea, it has been proved that on the symbolic space $X$ of $K$ a natural augmented tree structure $E$ exists; it is hyperbolic, and the hyperbolic boundary $\partial_H X$ with the Gromov metric is H\"older equivalent to $K$. In this paper we consider certain reversible random walks with return ratio $0 < \lambda < 1$ on $(X,E)$. We show that the Martin boundary ${\mathcal M}$ can be identified with $\partial_H X$ and $K$. With this setup and a device of Silverstein, we obtain precise estimates of the Martin kernel and the Na\"im kernel in terms of the Gromov product. Moreover, the Naïm kernel turns out to be a jump kernel satisfying the estimate $\Theta (\xi,\eta) \asymp |\xi-\eta|^{-(\alpha+\beta)}$, where $\alpha$ is the Hausdorff dimension of $K$ and $\beta$ depends on $\lambda$. For suitable $\beta$, the kernel defines a regular non-local Dirichlet form on $K$. This extends the results of Kigami concerning random walks on certain trees with Cantor-type sets as boundaries.

In this article, we continue the work in Guan-Li and study a normalized hypersurface flow in the more general ambient setting of warped product spaces. This flow preserves the volume of the bounded domain enclosed by a graphical hypersurface, and monotonically decreases the hypersurface area. As an application, the isoperimetric problem in warped product spaces is solved for such domains.

In this paper, we prove the Lipschitz regularity of continuous harmonic maps from an finite dimensional Alexandrov space to a compact smooth Riemannian manifold. This solves a conjecture of F. H. Lin in [36]. The proof extends the argument of Huang-Wang [26].

In this paper, we generalize our apriori estimates on cscK(constant scalar curvature K\"ahler) metric equation \cite{cc1} to more general scalar curvature type equations (e.g., twisted cscK metric equation). As applications, under the assumption that the automorphism group is discrete, we prove the celebrated Donaldson's conjecture that the non-existence of cscK metric is equivalent to the existence of a destabilized geodesic ray where the $K$-energy is non-increasing. Moreover, we prove that the properness of $K$-energy in terms of $L^1$ geodesic distance $d_1$ in the space of K\"ahler potentials implies the existence of cscK metric. Finally, we prove that weak minimizers of the $K$-energy in $(\mathcal{E}^1, d_1)$ are smooth. The continuity path proposed in \cite{chen15} is instrumental in this proof.