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We give characterisations of certain positive finite Borel measures with unbounded support on the real axis so that the algebraic polynomials are dense in all spaces$L$_{$p$}($R$,$d$μ),$p$≥1. These conditions apply, in particular, to the measures satisfying the classical Carleman conditions.

The main goal of this paper is to extend the approximation theorem of contiuous functions by Haar polynomials (see Theorem A) to infinite matrices (see Theorem C). The extension to the matricial framework will be based on the one hand on the remark that periodic functions which belong to$L$^{∞}($T$) may be one-to-one identified with Toeplitz matrices from$B$($l$_{2}) (see Theorem 0) and on the other hand on some notions given in the paper. We mention for instance:$ms$—a unital commutative subalgebra of$l$^{∞},$C$($l$_{2}) the matricial analogue of the space of all continuous periodic functions$C$($T$), the matricial Haar polynomials, etc.

It is proved that quadrature domains are ubiquitous in a very strong sense in the realm of smoothly bounded multiply connected domains in the plane. In fact, they are so dense that one might as well assume that any given smooth domain one is dealing with is a quadrature domain, and this allows access to a host of strong conditions on the classical kernel functions associated to the domain. Following this string of ideas leads to the discovery that the Bergman kernel can be “zipped” down to a strikingly small data set.

We introduce a full scale of Lorentz-BMO spaces BMO_{$L$}^{$p,q$}on the bidisk, and show that these spaces do not coincide for different values of$p$and$q$. Our main tool is a detailed analysis of Carleson's construction in [C].

Let$F$be families of meromorphic functions in a domain$D$, and let$R$be a rational function whose degree is at least 3. If, for any$f∈$$F$, the composite function$R(f)$has no fixed-point in$D$, then$F$is normal in$D$. The number 3 is best possible. A new and much simplified proof of a result of Pang and Zalcman concerning normality and, shared values is also given.

We study to what extent rearrangements preserve the integrability properties of higher order derivatives. It is well known that the second order derivatives of the rearrangement of a smooth function are not necessarily in$L$^{1}. We obtain a substitute for this fact. This is done by showing that the total curvature for the graph of the rearrangement of a function is bounded by the total curvature for the graph of the function itself.

A cooriented circle immersion into the plane can be extended to a stable map of the disk which is an immersion in a neighborhood of the boundary and with outward normal vector field along the boundary equal to the given coorienting normal vector field. We express the minimal number of fold components of such a stable map as a function of its number of cusps and of the normal degree of its boundary. We also show that this minimum is attained for any cooriented circle immersion of normal degree not equal to one.

Set $$\theta (s/t): = (s/t - 1)(t/s)^{\frac{{s/t}}{{s/t - 1}}} = (s - t)\frac{{t^{t/(s - t)} }}{{s^{s/(s - t)} }}$$ if 0<$t$<$s$. The key result of the paper shows that if ($T (t))$_{$t$>0}is a nontrivial strongly continuous quasinilpotent semigroup of bounded operators on a Banach space then there exists δ>0 such that ║$T(t)-T(s)$║>θ(s/t) for 0<$t$<$s$≤δ. Also if ($T(t)$)_{$t$>0}is a strongly continuous semigroup of bounded operators on a Banach space, and if there exists η>0 and a continuous function$t$→$s(t)$on [0, ν], satisfying$s$(0)=0, and such that 0<$t$<$s(t)$and ║$T(t)-T(s(t))║<θ(s/t)$for$t$∈(o, η], then the infinitesimal generator of the semigroup is bounded. Various examples show that these results are sharp.

It is well known that every Hölder continuous function on the unit circle is the sum of two functions such that one of these functions extends holomorphically into the unit disc and the other extends holomorphically into the complement of the unit disc. We prove that an analogue of this holds for Hölder continuous functions on an annulus A which have zero averages on all circles contained in A which surround the hole.

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