MathSciDoc: An Archive for Mathematician ∫

We study rationality properties of quadric surface bundles over the projective plane. We exhibit families of smooth projective complex fourfolds of this type over connected bases, containing both rational and non-rational fibers.

Let M⊂CN be a generic real-analytic submanifold of finite type, M′⊂CN′ be a real-analytic set, and p∈M, where we assume that N,N′⩾2. Let H:(CN,p)→CN′ be a formal holomorphic mapping sending M into M′, and let EM′ denote the set of points in M′ through which there passes a complex-analytic subvariety of positive dimension contained in M′. We show that, if H does not send M into EM′, then H must be convergent. As a consequence, we derive the convergence of all formal holomorphic mappings when M′ does not contain any complex-analytic subvariety of positive dimension, answering by this a long-standing open question in the field. More generally, we establish necessary conditions for the existence of divergent formal maps, even when the target real-analytic set is foliated by complex-analytic subvarieties, allowing us to settle additional convergence problems such as e.g. for transversal formal maps between Levi-non-degenerate hypersurfaces and for formal maps with range in the tube over the light cone.

We establish new bounds on character values and character ratios for finite groups G of Lie type, which are considerably stronger than previously known bounds, and which are best possible in many cases. These bounds have the form |χ(g)|⩽cχ(1)αg, and give rise to a variety of applications, for example to covering numbers and mixing times of random walks on such groups. In particular, we deduce that, if G is a classical group in dimension n, then, under some conditions on G and g∈G, the mixing time of the random walk on G with the conjugacy class of g as a generating set is (up to a small multiplicative constant) n/s, where s is the support of g.

For a wide class of 2-dimensional periodic elliptic operators, we show that the global extrema of all spectral band functions are isolated.

We improve the estimates in the restriction problem in dimension n⩾4. To do so, we establish a weak version of a k-linear restriction estimate for any k. The exponents in this weak k-linear estimate are sharp for all k and n.

This work concerns finite free complexes over commutative noetherian rings, in particular over group algebras of elementary abelian groups. The main contribution is the construction of complexes such that the total rank of their underlying free modules, or the total length of their homology, is less than predicted by various conjectures in the theory of transformation groups and in local algebra.

We prove that a proper geodesic metric space has non-positive curvature in the sense of Alexandrov if and only if it satisfies the Euclidean isoperimetric inequality for curves. Our result extends to non-geodesic spaces and non-zero curvature bounds.

We prove in this paper the linear stability of the celebrated Schwarzschild family of black holes in general relativity: Solutions to the linearisation of the Einstein vacuum equations (“linearised gravity”) around a Schwarzschild metric arising from regular initial data remain globally bounded on the black hole exterior, and in fact decay to a linearised Kerr metric. We express the equations in a suitable double null gauge. To obtain decay, one must in fact add a residual pure gauge solution which we prove to be itself quantitatively controlled from initial data. Our result a fortiori includes decay statements for general solutions of the Teukolsky equation (satisfied by gauge-invariant null-decomposed curvature components). These latter statements are in fact deduced in the course of the proof by exploiting associated quantities shown to satisfy the Regge–Wheeler equation, for which appropriate decay can be obtained easily by adapting previous work on the linear scalar wave equation. The bounds on the rate of decay to linearised Kerr are inverse polynomial, suggesting that dispersion is sufficient to control the non-linearities of the Einstein equations in a potential future proof of non-linear stability. This paper is self-contained and includes a physical-space derivation of the equations of linearised gravity around Schwarzschild from the full non-linear Einstein vacuum equations expressed in a double null gauge.

A few misprints occurred in the paper, due to technical typesetting problems. The editorial staff of Acta Mathematica apologizes for the mistake. The online version has been corrected. Corrections to the printed version are provided here.

We consider Bose gases consisting of N particles trapped in a box with volume one and interacting through a repulsive potential with scattering length of order N−1 (Gross–Pitaevskii regime). We determine the ground state energy and the low-energy excitation spectrum, up to errors vanishing as N→∞. Our results confirm Bogoliubov’s predictions.