We introduce a natural generalization of marginally outer trapped surfaces, called immersed marginally outer trapped surfaces, and prove that three-dimensional asymptotically flat initial data sets either contain such surfaces or are diffeomorphic to R^3. We establish a generalization of the Penrose singularity theorem which shows that the presence of an immersed marginally outer trapped surface generically implies the null geodesic incompleteness of any spacetime that satisfies the null energy condition and which admits a non-compact Cauchy surface. Taken together,these results can be viewed as an initial data version of the Gannon-Lee singularity theorem. The first result is a non-timesymmetric version of a theorem ofMeeks-Simon-Yau which implies that every asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifold that is not diffeomorphic to R^3 contains an embedded stable minimal surface. We also obtain an initial data version of the spacetime principle of topological censorship. Under physically natural assumptions, a 3-dimensional asymptotically flat initial data set with marginally outer trapped boundary and no immersed marginally outer trapped surfaces in its interior is diffeomorphic to R^3 minus a finite number of open balls. An extension to higher dimensions is also discussed.

Let H be a semisimple algebraic group. We prove the semistable reduction theorem for μ–semistable principal H–bundles over a smooth projective variety X defined over the field C. When X is a smooth projective surface and H is simple, we construct the algebro–geometric Donaldson–Uhlenbeck compactification of the moduli space of μ–semistable principal H–bundles with fixed char- acteristic classes and describe its points. For large characteristic classes we show that the moduli space of μ–stable principal H–bundles is non–empty.

Let (M, ω) be a compact symplectic 4-manifold with a compatible almost complex structure J. The problem of finding a J-compatible symplectic form with prescribed volume form is an almost-K¨ahler analogue of Yau’s theorem and is connected to a programme in symplectic topology proposed by Donaldson. We call the corresponding equation for the symplectic form the Calabi- Yau equation. Solutions are unique in their cohomology class. It is shown in this paper that a solution to this equation exists if the Nijenhuis tensor is small in a certain sense. Without this assumption, it is shown that the problem of existence can be reduced to obtaining a C0 bound on a scalar potential function.

In this paper, we give the sharp upper bound for the number of vertices with positive curvature in a planar graph with nonnegative combinatorial curvature. Based on this, we show that the automorphism group of a planar—possibly infinite—graph with nonnegative combinatorial curvature and positive total curvature is a finite group, and give an upper bound estimate for the order of the group.

We study the properties of the n-volumic scalar curvature in this note. Lott-Sturm-Villani's curvature-dimension condition CD(κ,n) was showed to imply Gromov's n-volumic scalar curvature ≥nκ under an additional n-dimensional condition and we show the stability of n-volumic scalar curvature ≥κ with respect to smGH-convergence. Then we propose a new weighted scalar curvature on the weighted Riemannian manifold and show its properties.