The notion of generating topologies, introduced by Stephani El0], is useful for studying the injective hull of an operator ideal. Using Randtke's idea (see [8, p. 90] or [12,(3.2. 1) and (3.2. 7)]), we can characterize generating topologies in terms of seminorms which satisfy some expected properties (see Lemma 3.3 and Theorems 3.4 and 3.9). By a well-known and useful idea of Grothendieck, the dual notions of generating topologies and ideal-topologies, the so-called generating bornologies, are given and studied in Sect. 4. In term of ideal-bornologies, the surjective hull of an operator ideal on Banach spaces is given (see Lemma 4.8 and Theorem 4.10). In terms of these two dual concepts, we are able to classify locally convex spaces, and to study their dual results. For instance, we show that if 9.1 is a symmetric (resp. completely symmetric) operator ideal on Banach spaces then a Banach space E is an 9~-topological

For a linear isometry T: C 0 (X) C 0 (Y) of finite corank, there is a cofinite subset Y 1 of Y such that Tf| Y 1= h f is a weighted composition operator and X is homeomorphic to a quotient space of Y 1 modulo a finite subset. When X= Y, such a T is called an isometric quasi-n-shift on C 0 (X). In this case, the action of T can be implemented as a shift on a tree-like structure, called a T-tree, in M (X) with exactly n joints. The T-tree is total in M (X) when T is a shift. With these tools, we can analyze the structure of T.

It is well known that a vector variational inequality can be a very efficient model for use in studying vector optimization problems. By using the Ky Fan fixed point theorem and the scalarization method we will prove some existence theorems for strong solutions for generalized vector variational inequalities where discontinuous and star-pseudomonotone operators are involved. Our results can be applied to the study of the existence of solutions of vector optimal problems. Some examples are given and analyzed.

In this paper, a degree theory for finite dimensional generalized variational inequalities is built and employed to prove some results on solution existence and solution stability.

We study disjointness preserving (quasi-) n-shift operators on C 0 (X), where X is locally compact and Hausdorff. When C 0 (X) admits a quasi-n-shift T, there is a countable subset of X= X{} equipped with a tree-like structure, called -tree, with exactly n joints such that the action of T on C 0 (X) can be implemented as a shift on the -tree. If T is an n-shift, then the -tree is dense in X and thus X is separable. By analyzing the structure of the -tree, we show that every (quasi-) n-shift on c 0 can always be written as a product of n (quasi-) 1-shifts. Although it is not the case for general C 0 (X) as shown by our counter examples, we can do so after dilation.