In this work we introduce a formulation for a non-local Hessian that combines the ideas of higher-order and non-local regularization for image restoration, extending the idea of non-local gradients to higher-order derivatives. By carefully choosing the weights, the model allows to improve on the current state of the art higher-order method, Total Generalized Variation, with respect to overall quality and particularly close to jumps in the data. In the spirit of recent work by Brezis et al., our formulation also has analytic implications: for a suitable choice of weights, it can be shown to converge to classical second-order regularizers, and in fact allows a novel characterization of higher-order Sobolev and BV spaces.

In this paper, we show how under the continuum hypothesis one can obtain an integral representation for elements of the topological dual of the space of functions of bounded variation in terms of Lebesgue and Kolmogorov-Burkill integrals.

For the classical space of functions with bounded mean oscillation, it is well known that $\operatorname{VMO}^{**} = \operatorname{BMO}$ and there are many characterizations of the distance from a function$f$in $\operatorname{BMO}$ to $\operatorname{VMO}$ . When considering the Bloch space, results in the same vein are available with respect to the little Bloch space. In this paper such duality results and distance formulas are obtained by pure functional analysis. Applications include general Möbius invariant spaces such as$Q$_{$K$}-spaces, weighted spaces, Lipschitz–Hölder spaces and rectangular $\operatorname{BMO}$ of several variables.

We obtain characterizations of positive Borel measures$μ$on$B$^{$n$}so that some weighted holomorphic Besov spaces$B$_{$s$}^{$p$}($ω$,$B$^{$n$}) are embedded in$L$^{$p$}($d$$μ$).

In this paper we establish new $L^1$-type estimates for the classical Riesz potentials of order $\alpha \in (0, N)$: \[ \|I_\alpha u\|_{L^{N/(N-\alpha)}(\mathbb{R}^N)} \leq C \|Ru\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^N;\mathbb{R}^N)}. \] This sharpens the result of Stein and Weiss on the mapping properties of Riesz potentials on the real Hardy space $\mathcal{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and provides a new family of $L^1$-Sobolev inequalities for the Riesz fractional gradient.