We propose definitions of quasilocal energy and momentum surface energy of a spacelike 2-surface with positive intrinsic curvature in a spacetime. Our definitions do not depend on the compact spacelike hypersurface it bounds. We show that the quasilocal energy of the boundary of a compact spacelike hypersurface which satisfies the local energy condition is strictly positive unless the spacetime is flat along the spacelike hypersurface.

We study the quantum sheaf cohomology of flag manifolds with deformations of the tangent bundle and use the ring structure to derive how the deformation transforms under the biholomorphic duality of flag manifolds. Realized as the OPE ring of A/2-twisted twodimensional theories with (0,2) supersymmetry, quantum sheaf cohomology generalizes the notion of quantum cohomology. Complete descriptions of quantum sheaf cohomology have been obtained for abelian gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) and for nonabelian GLSMs describing Grassmannians. In this paper we continue to explore the quantum sheaf cohomology of nonabelian theories. We first propose a method to compute the generating relations for (0,2) GLSMs with (2,2) locus. We apply this method to derive the quantum sheaf cohomology of products of Grassmannians and flag manifolds. The dual deformation associated with the biholomorphic duality gives rise to an explicit IR duality of two A/2-twisted (0,2) gauge theories.

We proved the existence of supersymmetric Hermitian metrics with torsion on a class of non-Kaehler manifolds.

In this paper, we construct several kinds of new time-periodic solutions of the vacuum Einsteins field equations whose Riemann curvature tensors vanish, keep finite or take the infinity at some points in these space-times, respectively. The singularities of these new time-periodic solutions are investigated and some new physical phenomena are discovered.

In recent years, great success has been achieved on the classification of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases for interacting fermion systems by using generalized cohomology theory. However, the explicit calculation of generalized cohomology theory is extremely hard due to the difficulty of computing obstruction functions. In this paper, based on the physical picture of topological invariants and mathematical techniques in homotopy algebra, we develop an algorithm to resolve this hard problem. It is well known that cochains in the cohomology of the symmetry group, which are used to enumerate the SPT phases, can be expressed equivalently in different linear bases, known as the resolutions. By expressing the cochains in a reduced resolution containing much fewer basis than the choice commonly used in previous studies, the computational cost is drastically reduced. In particular, it reduces the computational cost for infinite discrete symmetry groups, like the wallpaper groups and space groups, from infinity to finity. As examples, we compute the classification of two-dimensional interacting fermionic SPT phases, for all 17 wallpaper symmetry groups.