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We prove an analog of Böttcher’s theorem for transcendental entire functions in the Eremenko–Lyubich class $ \mathcal{B} $ . More precisely, let$f$and$g$be entire functions with bounded sets of singular values and suppose that$f$and$g$belong to the same parameter space (i.e., are$quasiconformally equivalent$in the sense of Eremenko and Lyubich). Then$f$and$g$are conjugate when restricted to the set of points that remain in some sufficiently small neighborhood of infinity under iteration. Furthermore, this conjugacy extends to a quasiconformal self-map of the plane.

Research on key mismatch attacks against lattice-based KEMs is an important part of the cryptographic assessment of the ongoing NIST standardization of post-quantum cryptography. There have been a number of these attacks to date. However, a unified method to evaluate these KEMs’ resilience under key mismatch attacks is still missing. Since the key index of efficiency is the number of queries needed to successfully mount such an attack, in this paper, we propose and develop a systematic approach to find lower bounds on the minimum average number of queries needed for such attacks. Our basic idea is to transform the problem of finding the lower bound of queries into finding an optimal binary recovery tree (BRT), where the computations of the lower bounds become essentially the computations of a certain Shannon entropy. The optimal BRT approach also enables us to understand why, for some lattice-based NIST candidate KEMs, there is a big gap between the theoretical bounds and bounds observed in practical attacks, in terms of the number of queries needed. This further leads us to propose a generic improvement method for these existing attacks, which are confirmed by our experiments. Moreover, our proposed method could be directly used to improve the side-channel attacks against CCA-secure NIST candidate KEMs.

No abstract uploaded!

We consider the Newton equation(*) $$\ddot x = F\left( x \right), F\left( x \right) = - \nabla \upsilon \left( x \right), x \in R^d ,$$ for |$j$|≤2 and some α>1.