The distance between the second and first eigenvalues for the Dirichlet Laplacian of a domain is called its (spectral) gap. We show that the gap of a convex planar domain$D$symmetric about both the$x$and$y$axes is no smaller than the gap of an oriented rectangle which contains$D$.

In this paper we give a complete description of the power weighted inequalities, of strong, weak and restricted weak type for the pair of Riesz transforms associated with the Laguerre function system $\{\mathcal{L}_k^{\alpha}\}$ , for any given α>-1. We achieve these results by a careful estimate of the kernels: near the diagonal we show that they are local Calderón–Zygmund operators while in the complement they are majorized by Hardy type operators and the maximal heat-diffusion operator. We also show that in all the cases our results are sharp.

This article analyses the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for individuals with mild or moderate mental illness. We study the effects on sick leave, health care consumption, and drug prescriptions. We find that CBT improved health and prevented sick leave for individuals who were not on sick leave when treatment was initiated but had no effect for individuals who were on sick leave when the treatment was initiated.

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