Resonance and decay phenomena are ubiquitous in the quantum world. To understand them in their complexity it is useful to study solvable models in a wide sense, that is, systems which can be treated by analytical means. The present review offers a survey of such models startingt he classical Friedrichs result and carryingfu rther to recent developments in the theory of quantum graphs. Our attention concentrates on dynamical mechanism underlyingre sonance effects and at time evolution of the related unstable systems.

In this paper, we present a new algorithm, such that, for the small integer solution (SIS) problem, if the solution is bounded ( by an integer \beta in l_\infty norm, which we call a bounded SIS (BSIS) problem, {\it and if the difference between the row dimension n and the column dimension m of the corresponding matrix is relatively small with respect the row dimension m}, we can solve it easily with a complexity of polynomial in m.

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We investigate non-equilibrium particle transport in a system consisting of a geometric scatterer and two leads coupled to heat baths with different chemical potentials. We derive an expression for the corresponding current, the carriers of which are fermions, and analyze numerically its dependence on the model parameters in examples where the scatterer has a rectangular or triangular shape.

We show that the inner distance inside a bounded planar domain is at most the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the boundary of the domain. We prove this sharp result by establishing an improved Painlevé length estimate for connected sets and by using the metric removability of totally disconnected sets, proven by Kalmykov, Kovalev, and Rajala. We also give a totally disconnected example showing that for general sets the Painlevé length bound ϰ(E)≤πH^1(E)is sharp.