We consider rectangular graph superlattices of sides l 1, l 2 with the wave-function coupling at the junctions either of the type, when they are continuous and the sum of their derivatives is proportional to the common value at the junction with a coupling constant , or the s type with the roles of functions and derivatives reversed; the latter corresponds to the situations where the junctions are realized by complicated geometric scatterers. We show that the band spectra have a hidden fractal structure with respect to the ratio := l 1/l 2. If the latter is an irrational badly approximable by rationals, lattices have no gaps in the weak-coupling case. We show that there is a quantization for the asymptotic critical values of at which new gap series open, and explain it in terms of number-theoretic properties of . We also show how the irregularity is manifested in terms of Fermi-surface dependence on energy, and possible

We discuss a general parametrization for vertices of quantum graphs and show, in particular, how the 's and 'couplings at an n-edge vertex can be approximated by means of n+ 1 couplings of the type provided the latter are properly scaled.

The longstanding open problem of approximating all singular vertex couplings in a quantum graph is solved. We present a construction in which the edges are decoupled; an each pair of their endpoints is joined by an edge carrying a potential and a vector potential coupled to the loose edges by a coupling. It is shown that if the lengths of the connecting edges shrink to zero and the potentials are properly scaled, the limit can yield any prescribed singular vertex coupling, and moreover, that such an approximation converges in the norm-resolvent sense.

We consider a Schrdinger particle on a graph consisting of <i>N</i> links joined at a single point. Each link supports a real locally integrable potential <i>V</i> _<i>j</i>; the self-adjointness is ensured by the type boundary condition at the vertex. If all the links are semi-infinite and ideally coupled, the potential decays as <i>x</i> ¹ along each of them, is nonrepulsive in the mean and weak enough, the corresponding Schrdinger operator has a single negative eigenvalue; we find its asymptotic behavior. We also derive a bound on the number of bound states and explain how the coupling constant may be interpreted in terms of a family of squeezed potentials.

We consider the Laplacian in a straight planar strip with Dirichlet boundary which has two Neumann'windows' of the same length, the centres of which are 2l apart, and study the asymptotic behaviour of the discrete spectrum as l. It is shown that there are pairs of eigenvalues around each isolated eigenvalue of a single-window strip and their distances vanish exponentially in the limit l. We derive an asymptotic expansion also in the case where a single window gives rise to a threshold resonance which the presence of the other window turns into a single isolated eigenvalue.