Quasilocal mass in general relativity is a notion defined for a closed space like 2-surface in spacetime. In this note, we explain the definition in [23] and [24] from a mathematical viewpoint, emphasizing the connection to differential geometry and nonlinear partial differential equations. We also discuss a minimax interpretation of the definition and compare with other notions of quasilocal mass.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the discreteness of the Laplacian on a noncompact Riemannian manifold M are established in terms of the isocapacitary function of M. The relevant capacity takes a different form according to whether M has finite or infinite volume. Conditions involving the more standard isoperimetric function of M can also be derived, but they are only sufficient in general, as we demonstrate by concrete examples.

Let$M$be a connected, noncompact, complete Riemannian manifold, consider the operator$L=Δ+∇V$for some$V∈C$^{2}(M) with exp[$V$] integrable with respect to the Riemannian volume element. This paper studies the existence of the spectral gap of$L$. As a consequence of the main result, let ϱ be the distance function from a point o, then the spectral gap exists provided lim_{ϱ→∞}sup$L$_{ϱ<0}while the spectral gap does not exist if o is a pole and lim_{ϱ→∞}inf$L$_{ϱ≥0}. Moreover, the elliptic operators on$R$^{$d$}are also studied.

We show that if the graph of an analytic function in the unit disk$D$is not complete pluripolar in$C$^{2}then the projection of its pluripolar hull contains a fine neighborhood of a point $p\in\partial\mathbf{D}$ . Moreover the projection of the pluripolar hull is always finely open. On the other hand we show that if an analytic function$f$in$D$extends to a function ℱ which is defined on a fine neighborhood of a point $p\in\partial\mathbf{D}$ and is finely analytic at$p$then the pluripolar hull of the graph of$f$contains the graph of ℱ over a smaller fine neighborhood of$p$. We give several examples of functions with this property of fine analytic continuation. As a corollary we obtain new classes of analytic functions in the disk which have non-trivial pluripolar hulls, among them$C$^{∞}functions on the closed unit disk which are nowhere analytically extendible and have infinitely-sheeted pluripolar hulls. Previous examples of functions with non-trivial pluripolar hull of the graph have fine analytic continuation.

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