We prove that given a three manifold with an arbitrary metric $(M^3, g)$ of positive Ricci curvature, there exists a sweepout of $M$ by surfaces of genus $\leq 3$ and areas bounded by $C vol(M^3, g)^{2/3}$. We use this result to construct a sweepout of $M$ by 1-cycles of length at most $C vol(M^3, g)^{1/3}$ and prove a systolic inequality for all $M \neq S^3$. The sweepout of surfaces is generated from a min-max minimal surface. If further assuming a positive scalar curvature lower bound, we can get a diameter upper bound for the min-max surface.

We construct the Frobenius structure on a rigid connection Be_{\hat G} on G_m for a split reductive group \hat G introduced by Frenkel-Gross. These data form a \hat G-valued overconvergent F-isocrystal Be^†_{\hat G} on G_{m,F_p}, which is the p-adic companion of the Kloosterman \hat G-local system Kl_{\hat G} constructed by Heinloth-Ngô-Yun. By studying the structure of the underlying differential equation, we calculate the monodromy group of Be^†_{\hat G} when \hat G is almost simple (which recovers the calculation of monodromy group of Kl_{\hat G} due to Katz and Heinloth–Ngô–Yun), and prove a conjecture of Heinloth-Ngô-Yun on the functoriality between different Kloosterman \hat G-local systems. We show that the Frobenius Newton polygons of Kl_{\hat G} are generically ordinary for every \hat G and are everywhere ordinary on |G_{m,F_p}| when \hat G is classical or G_2.

In this paper, we prove that the ODE system, $ \dot{x}=sinz+cosy$ $ \dot{y}=sinx+cosz$ $ \dot{z}=siny+cosx$ whose right-hand side is the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) flow with parameters A = B = C = 1, has periodic orbits on $(2 \pi T)^3$ with rotation vectors parallel to (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), and (0, 0, 1). An application of this result is that the well-known G-equation model for turbulent combustion with this ABC flow on $R^3$ has a linear (i.e., maximal possible) flame speed enhancement rate as the amplitude of the flow grows.

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Hence the energy defines a functional on the space of Lipshitz maps between M and M'. Critical points of this functional are called harmonic maps. These maps were studied by Bochner, Morrey, Rauch, Eells and Sampson, Hartman, Uhlenbeck, Hamilton, Hildebrandt and others. The first fundamental result was due to Eells and Sampson [3] who proved that, in case M'has non-positive sectional curvature, each map from M to M'is homotopic to a harmonic map.(This result was then extended by Hamilton [8] to the case where both M and M'are allowed to have boundary.) Later Hartman [7] was able to prove the harmonic map is unique in each homotopy class if M'has strictly negative curvature. This last result of Hartman leads one to believe that harmonic maps between compact manifolds with negative curvature must enjoy a lot of nice properties. In fact, a few years ago, B. Lawson and the second author conjectured