In this paper, we propose an unfitted Nitsche's method to compute the band structures of phononic crystal with impurities of general geometry. The proposed method does not require the background mesh to fit the interfaces of impurities, and thus avoids the expensive cost of generating body-fitted meshes and simplifies the inclusion of interface conditions in the formulation. The quasi-periodic boundary conditions are handled by the Floquet-Bloch transform, which converts the computation of band structures into an eigenvalue problem with periodic boundary conditions. More importantly, we show the well-posedness of the proposed method using a delicate argument based on the trace inequality, and further prove the convergence by the Babuška-Osborn theory. We achieve the optimal convergence rate at the presence of the impurities of general geometry. We confirm the theoretical results by two numerical examples, and show the capability of the proposed methods for computing the band structures without fitting the interfaces of impurities.

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The Okounkov body is a construction which, to an effective divisor $D$ on an $n$-dimensional algebraic variety $X$, associates a convex body $\Delta(D)$ in the $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\RR^n$. It may be seen as a generalization of the moment polytope of an ample divisor on a toric variety, and it encodes rich numerical information about the divisor $D$. When constructing the Okounkov body, an intermediate product is a lattice semigroup $\Gamma(D)\subset \NN^{n+1}$, which we will call the Okounkov semigroup. Recently it was discovered that finite generation of the Okounkov semigroup has interesting geometric implication for $X$ regarding toric degenerations and integrable systems, however the finite generation condition is difficult to establish except for some special varieties $X$. In this article, we show that smooth projective Fano varieties of coindex${}\le 2$ have finitely generated Okounkov semigroups, providing the first family of nontrivial higher dimensional examples that are not coming from representation theory. Our result also gives a partial answer to a question of Anderson, K\"uronya, and Lozovanu.