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Numerical homogenization and multiscale finite element methods construct effective properties on a coarse grid by solving local problems and extracting the average effective properties from these local solutions. In some cases, the solutions of local problems can be expensive to compute due to scale disparity. In this setting, one can basically apply a homogenization or multiscale method reiteratively to solve for the local problems. This process is known as reiterated homogenization and has many variations in the numerical context. Though the process seems to be a straightforward extension of two-level process, it requires some careful implementation and the concept development for problems without scale separation and high contrast. In this paper, we consider the generalized multiscale finite element method (GMsFEM) and apply it iteratively to construct its multiscale basis functions. The main idea of the

In this paper, we provide the O() corrections to the hydrodynamic model derived by Degond and Motsch from a kinetic version of the model by Vicsek and co-authors describing flocking biological agents. The parameter stands for the ratio of the microscopic to the macroscopic scales. The O() corrected model involves diffusion terms in both the mass and velocity equations as well as terms which are quadratic functions of the first-order derivatives of the density and velocity. The derivation method is based on the standard ChapmanEnskog theory, but is significantly more complex than usual due to both the non-isotropy of the fluid and the lack of momentum conservation.

Let φ∈C^0∩W_{1,2}(Σ,X) where Σ is a compact Riemann surface, X is a compact locally CAT(1) space, and W_{1,2}(Σ,X) is defined as in Korevaar-Schoen. We use the technique of harmonic replacement to prove that either there exists a harmonic map u: Σ → X homotopic to φ or there exists a nontrivial conformal harmonic map v: S^2 → X. To complete the argument, we prove compactness for energy minimizers and a removable singularity theorem for conformal harmonic maps.