Weak interactions of solitary waves in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations are studied. It is first shown that these interactions exhibit similar fractal dependence on initial conditions for different nonlinearities. Then by using the Karpman-Solov'ev method, a universal system of dynamical equations is derived for the velocities, amplitudes, positions and phases of interacting solitary waves. These dynamical equations contain a single parameter, which accounts for the different forms of nonlinearity. When this parameter is zero, these dynamical equations are integrable, and the exact analytical solutions are derived. When this parameter is non-zero, the dynamical equations exhibit fractal structures which match those in the original wave equations both qualitatively and quantitatively. Thus the universal nature of fractal structures in the weak interaction of solitary waves is analytically established. The origin of these fractal structures is also explored. It is shown that these structures bifurcate from the initial conditions where the solutions of the integrable dynamical equations develop finite-time singularities. Based on this observation, an analytical criterion for the existence and locations of fractal structures is obtained. Lastly, these analytical results are applied to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations with various nonlinearities such as the saturable nonlinearity, and predictions on their weak interactions of solitary waves are made.

We study B-branes in two-dimensional N=(2,2) anomalous models, and their behaviour as we vary bulk parameters in the quantum Kähler moduli space. We focus on the case of (2,2) theories defined by abelian gauged linear sigma models (GLSM). We use the hemisphere partition function as a guide to find how B-branes split in the IR into components supported on Higgs, mixed and Coulomb branches: this generalizes the band restriction rule of Herbst-Hori-Page to anomalous models. As a central example, we work out in detail the case of GLSMs for Hirzebruch-Jung resolutions of cyclic surface singularities. In these non-compact models we explain how to compute and regularize the hemisphere partition function for a brane with compact support, and check that its Higgs branch component explicitly matches with the geometric central charge of an object in the derived category.

No abstract uploaded!

We prove an approximation result showing how operators of the type (x ) in L^ 2 ({\bb R}^ 2), where is a graph, can be modelled in the strong resolvent sense by point-interaction Hamiltonians with an appropriate arrangement of the potentials. The result is illustrated on finding the spectral properties in cases when is a ring or a star. Furthermore, we use this method to indicate that scattering on an infinite curve which is locally close to a loop shape or has multiple bends may exhibit resonances due to quantum tunnelling or repeated reflections.

The present paper which represents the fourth part of the series devoted to analysis of a simple Lee-type model of two-particle decay deals with three problems. The first one concerns relation of the model to the scattering theory. We prove asymptotic completeness for the elastic scattering of the two light particles and show that for a sufficiently weak coupling this system has just one resonance whose position is the same as that of the pole which yield the main contribution to the decay law. The second problem concerns spectral concentration; we prove its occurrence for families of intervals around<i>E</i> that shrink slower than quadratically in<i>g</i>. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of bound states are discussed.