In this paper, we prove uniform curvature estimates for immersed stable free boundary minimal hypersurfaces satisfying a uniform area bound, which generalize the celebrated Schoen–Simon–Yau interior curvature estimates up to the free boundary. Our curvature estimates imply a smooth compactness theorem which is an essential ingredient in the min-max theory of free boundary minimal hypersurfaces developed by the last two authors. We also prove a monotonicity formula for free boundary minimal submanifolds in Riemannian manifolds for any dimension and codimension. For 3-manifolds with boundary, we prove a stronger curvature estimate for properly embedded stable free boundary minimal surfaces without a-priori area bound. This generalizes Schoen’s interior curvature estimates to the free boundary setting. Our proof uses the theory of minimal laminations developed by Colding and Minicozzi.

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In this paper, we derive estimates for scalar curvature type equations with more singular right hand side. As an application, we prove Donaldson's conjecture on the equivalence between geodesic stability and existence of cscK when $Aut_0(M,J)\neq0$. Moreover, we show that when $Aut_0(M,J)\neq0$, the properness of $K$-energy with respect to a suitably defined distance implies the existence of cscK.

The existence of topological solutions for the Chern-Simons equation with two Higgs particles has been proved by Lin, Ponce and Yang [16]. However, both the uniqueness problem and the existence of non-topological solutions have been left open. In this paper, we consider the case of one vortex at origin. Among others, we prove the uniqueness of topological solutions and give a complete study of the radial solutions, in particular, the existence of some non-topological solutions