Nonself-adjoint, non-dissipative perturbations of possibly unbounded self-adjoint operators with real purely singular spectrum are considered under an additional assumption that the characteristic function of the operator possesses a scalar multiple. Using a functional model of a nonself-adjoint operator (a generalization of a Sz.-Nagy–Foiaş model for dissipative operators) as a principle tool, spectral properties of such operators are investigated. A class of operators with almost Hermitian spectrum (the latter being a part of the real singular spectrum) is characterized in terms of existence of the so-called weak outer annihilator which generalizes the classical Cayley identity to the case of nonself-adjoint operators in Hilbert space. A similar result is proved in the self-adjoint case, characterizing the condition of absence of the absolutely continuous spectral subspace in terms of the existence of weak outer annihilation. An application to the rank-one nonself-adjoint Friedrichs model is given.

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We define a notion of formal quantum field theory and associate a formal quantum field theory to K-theoretical intersection theories on Hilbert schemes of points on algebraic surfaces. This enables us to find an effective way to compute K-theoretical intersection theories on Hilbert schemes via a connection to Macdonald polynomials and vertex operators.

We study the isoperimetric structure of asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifolds (M, g) that are C0-asymptotic to Schwarzschild of mass m > 0. Refining an argument due to H. Bray, we obtain an effective volume comparison theorem in Schwarzschild. We use it to show that isoperimetric regions exist in (M, g) for all sufficiently large volumes, and that they are close to centered coordinate spheres. This implies that the volume-preserving stable constant mean curvature spheres constructed by G. Huisken and S.-T. Yau as well as R. Ye as perturbations of large centered coordinate spheres minimize area among all competing surfaces that enclose the same volume. This confirms a conjecture of H. Bray. Our results are consistent with the uniqueness results for volumepreserving stable constant mean curvature surfaces in initial data sets obtained by G. Huisken and S.-T. Yau and strengthened by J. Qing and G. Tian. The additional hypotheses that the surfaces be spherical and far out in the asymptotic region in their results are not necessary in our work.