We propose a finite-dimensional variational principle on triangulated 3-manifolds so that its critical points are related to solutions to Thurston’s gluing equation and Haken’s normal surface equation. The action functional is the volume.

For Riemannian manifolds with a measure (M, g, e.fdvolg) we prove mean curvature and volume comparison results when the亣- Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor is bounded from below and f or |f| is bounded, generalizing the classical ones (i.e. when f is constant). This leads to extensions of many theorems for Ricci curvature bounded below to the Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor. In particular, we give extensions of all of the major comparison theorems when f is bounded. Simple examples show the bound on f is necessary for these results.

In this article we study compact K¨ahler manifolds satisfying a certain nonnegativity condition on the bisectional curvature. Under this condition, we show that the scalar curvature is nonnegative and that the first Chern class is positive assuming local irreducibility. We also obtain a partial classification of possible de Rham decompositions of the universal cover under this condition.

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After recalling briefly the main properties of the amalgamated duplication of a ring$R$along an ideal$I$, denoted by $R\bowtie I$ , see M.$D’Anna$and M.$Fontana$, to appear in$J. Algebra Appl.$, we restrict our attention to the study of the properties of $R\bowtie I$ , when$I$is a multiplicative canonical ideal of$R$, see W. J.$Heinzer$, J. A.$Huckaba$and I. J.$Papick$,$Comm. Algebra$. In particular, we study when every regular fractional ideal of $R\bowtie I$ is divisorial.