We give a shorter proof of the existence of nontrivial closed minimal hypersurfaces in closed smooth (n + 1)-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, a theorem proved first by Pitts for 2 ≤ n ≤ 5 and extended later by Schoen and Simon to any n.

We prove an extension theorem for effective purely log-terminal pairs ($X, S$+$B$) of non-negative Kodaira dimension $${\kappa (K_X+S+B)\ge 0}$$ . The main new ingredient is a refinement of the Ohsawa–Takegoshi$L$^{2}extension theorem involving singular Hermitian metrics.

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In this paper we study the ($L$^{$p$}($u$^{$p$}),$L$^{$q$}($v$^{$q$})) boundedness of the higher order commutators$T$_{$Ω,α,b$}^{$m$}and$M$_{$Ω,α,b$}^{$m$}formed by the fractional integral operator$T$_{$Ω,α$}, the fractional maximal operator$M$_{$Ω,α$}, and a function$b(x)$in BMO($v$), respectively.