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Let$M$be a connected, noncompact, complete Riemannian manifold, consider the operator$L=Δ+∇V$for some$V∈C$^{2}(M) with exp[$V$] integrable with respect to the Riemannian volume element. This paper studies the existence of the spectral gap of$L$. As a consequence of the main result, let ϱ be the distance function from a point o, then the spectral gap exists provided lim_{ϱ→∞}sup$L$_{ϱ<0}while the spectral gap does not exist if o is a pole and lim_{ϱ→∞}inf$L$_{ϱ≥0}. Moreover, the elliptic operators on$R$^{$d$}are also studied.

Cwikel's bound is extended to an operator-valued setting. One application of this result is a semi-classical bound for the number of negative bound states for Schrödinger operators with operator-valued potentials. We recover Cwikel's bound for the Lieb-Thirring constant$L$_{0,3}which is far worse than the best available by Lieb (for scalar potentials). However, it leads to a uniform bound (in the dimension$d$≥3) for the quotient$L$_{0,d}/L^{cl}_{0,d}is the so-called classical constant. This gives some improvement in large dimensions.