For an integral domain$R$and a non-zero non-unit$a$ε$R$we consider the number of distinct factorizations of$a$^{$n$}into irreducible elements of$R$for large$n$. Precise results are obtained for Krull domains and certain noetherian domains. In fact, we prove results valid for certain classes of monoids which then apply to the above-mentioned classes of domains.

We discuss a few examples in 2+1 dimensions and 1+1 dimensions supporting a recent conjecture concerning the relation between the Planck scale and the coupling strength of a non-gravitional interaction, unlike those examples in 3+1 dimensions, we do not have to resort to exotic physics such as small black holes. However, the result concerning these low dimensional examples is a direct consequence of the 3+1 dimensional conjecture.

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It is proved that the natural embedding of a separable Banach space$X$into the corresponding Bourgain–Pisier space extends $\mathcal{L}_{\infty}$ -valued operators.

In this paper, we propose a dynamically low-dimensional approximation method to solve a class of time-dependent multiscale stochastic diffusion equations. In Cheng etal. (2013) a dynamically bi-orthogonal (DyBO) method was developed to explore low-dimensional structures of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and solve them efficiently. However, when the SPDEs have multiscale features in physical space, the original DyBO method becomes expensive. To address this issue, we construct multiscale basis functions within the framework of generalized multiscale finite element method (GMsFEM) for dimension reduction in the physical space. To further improve the accuracy, we also perform online procedure to construct online adaptive basis functions. In the stochastic space, we use the generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) basis functions to represent the stochastic part of the solutions. Numerical