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In 1986, R. D. Cook proposed differential geometry to assess local influence of minor perturbations of statistical models. We construct a conformally invariant curvature, the conformal normal curvature, for the same purpose. This curvature provides a measure of local influence ranging from 0 to 1, with objective benchmarks to judge largeness. We study various approaches to using the conformal normal curvature and the relationships between these approaches.

The internal space of a N = 4 supersymmetric model with WessZumino term has a connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion and holonomy in SP(<i>n</i>). We study the mathematical background of this type of connection. In particular, we relate it to classical Hermitian geometry, construct homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous examples, characterize it in terms of holomorphic data, develop its potential theory and reduction theory.

A geometric classification of the compact four-dimensional Einstein-Weyl manifolds with at least four-dimensional symmetry group is given. Our results also sharpen previous results on four-dimensional Einstein metrics and correct Parker's topological classification of cohomogeneity-one four-manifolds.

We develop deformation theory for abelian invariant complex structures on a nilmanifold, and prove that in this case the invariance property is preserved by the Kuranishi process. A purely algebraic condition characterizes the deformations leading again to abelian structures, and we prove that such deformations are unobstructed. Various examples illustrate the resulting theory, and the behavior possible in three complex dimensions.

It is proved that if the twistor space of a self-dual four-manifold of positive scalar curvature contains a real effective divisor of degree two, then the four-manifold is diffeomorphic to the connected sum n\mathbb {C}{P^ 2} of n complex projective planes for some n. It follows that if the four-manifold is known to be homeomorphic to n\mathbb {C}{P^ 2} , then it is also diffeomorphic to n\mathbb {C}{P^ 2} .

If M is a quaternionic manifold and P is an S 1-instanton over M, then Joyce constructed a hypercomplex manifold we call(M) over M. These hypercomplex manifolds admit a U (2)-action of a special type permuting the complex structures. We show that up to double covers, all such hypercomplex manifolds arise in this way. Examples, including that of a hypercomplex structure on SU (3), show the necessity of including double covers of(M).

The concept of a selfdual connection on a fourdimensional Riemannian manifold is generalized to the 4ndimensional case of any quaternionic Khler manifold. The generalized selfdual connections are minima of a modified YangMills functional. It is shown that our definitions give a correct framework for a mapping theory of quaternionic Khler manifolds. The mapping theory is closely related to the construction of YangMills fields on such manifolds. Some monopolelike equations are discussed.

In [8], Hitchin proved that a compact K/ihlerian twistor space is in fact a projective algebraic manifold. Moreover, it is the twistor space associated to either the Euclidean 4-sphere S 4 or the complex projective plane CF 2 with Fubini-Study metric. The twistor spaces are 3 and the flag of lines in~ p2 respectively. In [10, 11], the author proved the existence of self-dual metric with positive scalar curvature on the connected-sums of two or three copies of the complex projective planes. Their twistor spaces are Moish6zon spaces. In fact, they are the small resolution of the intersection of two quadrics in~ ps with four nodes and the double covering of CP 3 branched along a quartic with thirteen nodes. Recently, the joint work of Donaldson and Friedman [3] produced a general procedure to construct new twistor spaces and hence self-dual manifolds. In this article, we shall follow the spirit of Hitchin's work and prove the

Motivated by new explicit positive Ricci curvature metrics on the four-sphere which are also Einstein-Weyl, we show that the dimension of the Einstein-Weyl moduli near certain Einstein metrics is bounded by the rank of the isometry group and that any Weyl manifold can be embedded as a hypersurface with prescribed second fundamental form in some Einstein-Weyl space. Closed four-dimensional Einstein-Weyl manifolds are proved to be absolute minima of the L²-norm of the curvature of Weyl manifolds and a local version of the Lafontaine inequality is obtained. The above metrics on the four-sphere are shown to contain minimal hypersurfaces isometric to S¹S² whose second fundamental form has constant length.