We study the effective fronts of first order front propagations in two dimensions (n=2) in the periodic setting. Using PDE-based approaches, we show that for every α∈(0,1), the class of centrally symmetric polygons with rational vertices and nonempty interior is admissible as effective fronts for given front speeds in C^{1,α}(T^2,(0,∞)). This result can also be formulated in the language of stable norms corresponding to periodic metrics in T^2. Similar results were known long time ago when n≥3 for front speeds in C^∞(T^n,(0,∞)). Due to topological restrictions, the two dimensional case is much more subtle. In fact, the effective front is C^1, which cannot be a polygon, for given C^{1,1}(T^2,(0,∞)) front speeds. Our regularity requirements on front speeds are hence optimal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that polygonal effective fronts have been constructed in two dimensions.

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We prove generalized Fefferman-Stein type theorems on sharp functions with Ap weights in spaces of homogeneous type with either finite or infinite underlying measure. We then apply these results to establish mixed-norm weighted Lp-estimates for elliptic and parabolic equations/systems with (partially) BMO coefficients in regular or irregular domains.

In this paper, we derive apriori estimates for constant scalar curvature K\"ahler metrics on a compact K\"ahler manifold. We show that higher order derivatives can be estimated in terms of a $C^0$ bound for the K\"ahler potential. We also discuss some local versions of these estimates which can be of independent interest.

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