The GKZ system for the Hesse pencil of elliptic curves has more solutions than the period integrals. In this work we give different realizations and interpretations of the extra solution, in terms of oscillating integral, Eichler integral, chain integral on the elliptic curve, limit of a period of a certain compact Calabi-Yau threefold geometry, etc. We also highlight the role played by the orbifold singularity on the moduli space and its relation to the GKZ system.

For a real analytic periodic function 𝜙: ℝ→ℝ, an integer 𝑏≥2 and 𝜆∈(1/𝑏,1), we prove the following dichotomy for the Weierstrass-type function 𝑊(𝑥)=∑_{𝑛≥0} 𝜆^𝑛 𝜙(𝑏^𝑛 𝑥): Either W(x) is real analytic, or the Hausdorff dimension of its graph is equal to 2+log𝑏𝜆. Furthermore, given b and 𝜙, the former alternative only happens for finitely many 𝜆 unless 𝜙 is constant.

The classical Fej\'er's theorem is a criterion for pointwise convergence of Fourier series on the unit circle. We generalize it to locally compact groups.

We show that $\lim_{t \to 0} e^{it\Delta}f(x) = f(x)$ almost everywhere for all $f \in H^s (\mathbb{R}^2)$ provided that $s>1/3$. This result is sharp up to the endpoint. The proof uses polynomial partitioning and decoupling.

We study L^p inequalities that sharpen the triangle inequality for sums of N functions in L^p.