Inthisarticle,weprovideasufficientandnecessaryconditiononparabolic isometries of positive translation lengths on complete visibility CAT(0) spaces. One of the consequences is that each parabolic isometry of a complete simply connected visibility manifold of nonpositive sectional curvature has zero translation length. Applications on the geometry of open negatively curved manifolds will also be discussed.

In this paper, we prove some analogues of Payne-Polya-Weinberger, Hile-Protter and Yang's inequalities for Dirichlet (discrete) Laplace eigenvalues on any subset in the integer lattice $\Z^n.$ This partially answers a question posed by Chung and Oden.

The n-dimensional pair of pants is defined to be the complement of n + 2 generic hyperplanes in CPn. We construct an immersed Lagrangian sphere in the pair of pants and compute its endomorphism A1 algebra in the Fukaya category. On the level of cohomology, it is an exterior algebra with n+2 generators. It is not formal, and we compute certain higher products in order to determine it up to quasi-isomorphism. This allows us to give some evidence for the Homological Mirror Symmetry conjecture: the pair of pants is conjectured to be mirror to the Landau-Ginzburg model (Cn+2,W), where W = z1...zn+2. We show that the endomorphism A1 algebra of our Lagrangian is quasi-isomorphic to the endomorphism dg algebra of the structure sheaf of the origin in the mirror. This implies similar results for finite covers of the pair of pants, in particular for certain affine Fermat hypersurfaces.

We study integral and pointwise bounds on the curvature of gradient shrinking Ricci solitons. As applications, we discuss gap and compactness results for gradient shrinkers.

We formulate the Riemannian calculus of the probability set embedded with L^2-Wasserstein metric. This is an initial work of transport information geometry. Our investigation starts with the probability simplex (probability manifold) supported on vertices of a finite graph. The main idea is to embed the probability manifold as a submanifold of the positive measure space with a nonlinear metric tensor. Here the nonlinearity comes from the linear weighted Laplacian operator. By this viewpoint, we establish torsion-free Christoffel symbols, Levi-Civita connections, curvature tensors, and volume forms in the probability manifold by Euclidean coordinates. As a consequence, the Jacobi equation, Laplace-Beltrami and Hessian operators on the probability manifold are derived. These geometric computations are also provided in the infinite-dimensional density space (density manifold) supported on a finite-dimensional manifold. In particular, an identity is given connecting the Baker-{É}mery Γ2 operator (carr{é} du champ it{é}r{é}) by connecting Fisher-Rao information metric and optimal transport metric. Several examples are demonstrated.