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The study of comparison theorems in geometry has a rich history. In this paper, we establish a comparison theorem for polyhedra in 3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature, answering affirmatively a dihedral rigidity conjecture by Gromov. For a large collections of polyhedra with interior non-negative scalar curvature and mean convex faces, we prove the dihedral angles along its edges cannot be everywhere less or equal than those of the corresponding Euclidean model, unless it is a isometric to a flat polyhedron.

A Schubert class  in the Grassmannian G(k, n) is rigid if the only proper subvarieties representing that class are Schubert varieties . We prove that a Schubert class  is rigid if and only if it is defined by a partition  satisfying a simple numerical criterion. If  fails this criterion, then there is a corresponding hyperplane class in another Grassmannian G(k0, n0) such that the deformations of the hyperplane in G(k0, n0) yield non-trivial deformations of the Schubert variety . We also prove that, if a partition  contains a sub-partition defining a rigid and singular Schubert class in another Grassmannian G(k0, n0), then there does not exist a smooth subvariety of G(k, n) representing .

Let $ f : \sum_1 \to \sum_2$ be a map between compact Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature. This article considers the evolution of the graph of f in $\sum_1 \times \sum_2$2 by the mean curvature flow. Under suitable conditions on the curvature of $\sum_1$ and $\sum_2$ and the differential of the initial map, we show that the flow exists smoothly for all time. At each instant $t$, the flow remains the graph of a map $f_t$ and $f_t$ converges to a constant map as $t$ approaches infinity. This also provides a regularity estimate for Lipschtz initial data.

By using variational method and under generic condition, we show that Arnold diffusion exists in a priori hyperbolic and timeperiodic Hamiltonian systems with multiple degrees of freedom.