No abstract uploaded!

We prove a McShane-type identity: a series, expressed in terms of geodesic lengths, that sums to 2π for any closed hyperbolic surface with one distinguished point. To do so, we prove a generalized Birman-Series theorem showing that the set of complete geodesics on a hyperbolic surface with large cone angles is sparse.

We consider localized deformation for initial data sets of the Einstein field equations with the dominant energy condition. Deformation results with the weak inequality need to be handled delicately. We introduce a modified constraint operator to absorb the first order change of the metric in the dominant energy condition. By establishing the local surjectivity theorem, we can promote the dominant energy condition to the strict inequality by compactly supported variations and obtain new gluing results with the dominant energy condition. The proof of local surjectivity is a modification of the earlier work for the usual constraint map by the first named author and R. Schoen and by P. Chru\'sciel and E. Delay, with some refined analysis.

No abstract uploaded!

No abstract uploaded!