We propose definitions of quasilocal energy and momentum surface energy of a spacelike 2-surface with positive intrinsic curvature in a spacetime. Our definitions do not depend on the compact spacelike hypersurface it bounds. We show that the quasilocal energy of the boundary of a compact spacelike hypersurface which satisfies the local energy condition is strictly positive unless the spacetime is flat along the spacelike hypersurface.

Fractional statistics is one of the most intriguing features of topological phases in 2D. In particular, the so-called non-Abelian statistics plays a crucial role towards realizing universal topological quantum computation. Recently, the study of topological phases has been extended to 3D and it has been proposed that loop-like extensive objects can also carry fractional statistics. In this work, we systematically study the so-called three-loop braiding statistics for loop-like excitations for 3D fermionic topological phases. Most surprisingly, we discovered new types of non-Abelian three-loop braiding statistics that can only be realized in fermionic systems (or equivalently bosonic systems with fermionic particles). The simplest example of such non-Abelian braiding statistics can be realized in interacting fermionic systems with a gauge group Z2×Z8 or Z4×Z4, and the physical origin of non-Abelian statistics can be viewed as attaching an open Majorana chain onto a pair of linked loops, which will naturally reduce to the well known Ising non-Abelian statistics via the standard dimension reduction scheme. Moreover, due to the correspondence between gauge theories with fermionic particles and classifying fermionic symmetry-protected topological (FSPT) phases with unitary symmetries, our study also give rise to an alternative way to classify FSPT phases with unitary symmetries. We further compare the classification results for FSPT phases with arbitrary Abelian total symmetry G^f and find systematical agreement with previous studies using other methods. We believe that the proposed framework of understanding three-loop braiding statistics (including both Abelian and non-Abelian cases) in interacting fermion systems applies for generic fermonic topological phases in 3D.

We study the quantum sheaf cohomology of flag manifolds with deformations of the tangent bundle and use the ring structure to derive how the deformation transforms under the biholomorphic duality of flag manifolds. Realized as the OPE ring of A/2-twisted twodimensional theories with (0,2) supersymmetry, quantum sheaf cohomology generalizes the notion of quantum cohomology. Complete descriptions of quantum sheaf cohomology have been obtained for abelian gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) and for nonabelian GLSMs describing Grassmannians. In this paper we continue to explore the quantum sheaf cohomology of nonabelian theories. We first propose a method to compute the generating relations for (0,2) GLSMs with (2,2) locus. We apply this method to derive the quantum sheaf cohomology of products of Grassmannians and flag manifolds. The dual deformation associated with the biholomorphic duality gives rise to an explicit IR duality of two A/2-twisted (0,2) gauge theories.

In this paper, we construct several kinds of new time-periodic solutions of the vacuum Einsteins field equations whose Riemann curvature tensors vanish, keep finite or take the infinity at some points in these space-times, respectively. The singularities of these new time-periodic solutions are investigated and some new physical phenomena are discovered.

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This paper provides a rigorous proof of the existence of an infinite number of black hole solutions to the Einstein-Yang/Mills equations with gauge group<i>SU</i>(2), for any event horizon. It is also demonstrated that the ADM mass of each solutions is finite, and that the corresponding Einstein metric tends to the associated Schwarzschild metric at a rate 1/<i>r</i> ², as<i>r</i> tends to infinity.

We give close formulas for the counting functions of rational curves on complete intesection Calabi-Yau manifolds in terms of special solutions of generalized hypergeometric differential systems. For the one modulus cases we derive a differential equation for the Mirror map, which can be viewed as a generalization of the Schwarzian equation. We also derive a nonlinear seventh order differential equation which directly governs the Prepotential.

We give a lower estimate of the gap of the first two eigenvalues of the Schrodinger operator in the case when the potential is strongly convex. In particular, if the Hessian of the potential is bounded from below by a positive constant, the gap has a lower bound independent of the dimension. We also estimate the gap when the potential is not necessarily convex.

We study deformations of maximally supersymmetric gauge theories by higher dimensional operators in various spacetime dimensions. We classify infinitesimal deformations that preserve all 16 supersymmetries, while allowing the possibility of breaking either Lorentz or R-symmetry, using an on-shell algebraic method developed by Movshev and Schwarz. We also consider the problem of extending the deformation beyond the first order.

We give a topological simulation for tensor networks that we call the two-string model. In this approach we give a new way to design protocols, and we discover a new multipartite quantum communication protocol. We introduce the notion of topologically compressed transformations. Our new protocol can implement multiple, non-local compressed transformations among multi-parties using one multipartite resource state.