The main purpose of this paper is to classify exchange relation planar algebras with 4 dimensional 2-boxes. Besides its skein theory, we emphasize the positivity of subfactor planar algebras based on the Schur product theorem. We will discuss the lattice of projections of 2-boxes, specifically the rank of the projections. From this point, several results about biprojections are obtained. The key break of the classification is to show the existence of a biprojection. By this method, we also classify another two families of subfactor planar algebras: subfactor planar algebras generated by 2-boxes with 4 dimensional 2-boxes and at most 23 dimensional 3-boxes; subfactor planar algebras generated by 2-boxes, such that the quotient of 3-boxes by the basic construction ideal is abelian. They extend the classification of singly generated planar algebras obtained by Bisch, Jones and the author.

In this paper, we generalize Young's inequality for locally compact quantum groups and obtain some results for extremal pairs of Young's inequality and extremal functions of Hausdorff-Young inequality.

We study the multiplicative Hilbert matrix, i.e. the infinite matrix with entries (mn−−−√log(mn))−1 for m,n≥2. This matrix was recently introduced within the context of the theory of Dirichlet series, and it was shown that the multiplicative Hilbert matrix has no eigenvalues and that its continuous spectrum coincides with [0,π]. Here we prove that the multiplicative Hilbert matrix has no singular continuous spectrum and that its absolutely continuous spectrum has multiplicity one. Our argument relies on spectral perturbation theory and scattering theory. Finding an explicit diagonalisation of the multiplicative Hilbert matrix remains an interesting open problem.

We consider the convolution operators in spaces of functions which are holomorphic in a bounded convex domain in ℂ^{$n$}and have a polynomial growth near its boundary. A characterization of the surjectivity of such operators on the class of all domains is given in terms of low bounds of the Laplace transformation of analytic functionals defining the operators.

We study the control systems governed by abstract Volterra equations without uniqueness in a Banach space. By using the technique of the theory of condensing maps and multivalued analysis tools, we obtain the existence result, investigate the topological structure of the solution set, and prove the invariance of a reachability set of the control system under nonlinear perturbations. Examples concerning fractional order differential equations and first order evolution equations with multiple delays are proposed to demonstrate the applications to approximate controllability results.