Exact propagators are obtained for the degenerate second order hyperbolic operators ∂^{2}_{$t$}-$t$^{2$l$}Δ_{$x$},$l$=1,2,..., by analytic continuation from the degenerate elliptic operators ∂^{2}_{$t$}+$t$^{2$l$}Δ_{$x$}. The partial Fourier transforms are also obtained in closed form, leading to integral transform formulas for certain combinations of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions.

Due to the intrinsic complexity and nonlinearity of chemical reactions, direct applications of traditional machine learning algorithms may face with many difficulties. In this study, through two concrete examples with biological background, we illustrate how the key ideas of multiscale modeling can help to reduce the computational cost of machine learning a lot, as well as how machine learning algorithms perform model reduction automatically in a time-scale separated system. Our study highlights the necessity and effectiveness of an integration of machine learning algorithms and multiscale modeling during the study of chemical reactions.

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