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In this paper, we prove that the degree of regularity of square systems, a subfamily of the HFE systems, over a prime finite field of odd characteristic q is exactly q and, therefore, prove that inverting square systems algebraically using Gröbner basis algorithm is exponential, when q = \Omega(n), where n is the number of variables of the system.

Generalizing the continuous rank function of Barja-Pardini-Stoppino, in this paper we consider cohomological rank functions of Q-twisted (complexes of) coherent sheaves on abelian varieties. They satisfy a natural transformation formula with respect to the Fourier-Mukai-Poincar´e transform, which has several consequences. In many concrete geometric contexts these functions provide useful invariants. We illustrate this with two different applications, the first one to GVsubschemes and the second one to multiplication maps of global sections of ample line bundles on abelian varieties.

We develop a new technique to study ranks of multiplication maps for linear series via limit linear series and degenerations to chains of elliptic curves. We prove an elementary criterion and apply it to proving cases of the Maximal Rank Conjecture. We give a new proof of the case of quadrics, and also treat several families in the case of cubics. Our proofs do not require restrictions on direction of approach, so we recover new information on the locus in the moduli space of curves on which the maximal rank condition fails.