It is known as a purely quantum effect that a magnetic flux affects the real physics of a particle, such as the energy spectrum, even if the flux does not interfere with the particle's path - the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Here we examine an Aharonov-Bohm effect on a many-body wavefunction. Specifically, we study this many-body effect on the gapless edge states of a bulk gapped phase protected by a global symmetry (such as ZN) - the symmetry-protected topological (SPT) states. The many-body analogue of spectral shifts, the twisted wavefunction and the twisted boundary realization are identified in this SPT state. An explicit lattice construction of SPT edge states is derived, and a challenge of gauging its non-onsite symmetry is overcome. Agreement is found in the twisted spectrum between a numerical lattice calculation and a conformal field theory prediction.

In this paper, we study the Li stability of perturbation of constant states for 2 x 2 systems of conservation laws. We introduce a nonlinear functional which is equivalent to the Li norm of the difference between the constant state and the approximate solutions consisting of elementary waves and is non-increasing in time for the limiting weak solution. This yields the Li stability of the constant states. The approximate solutions are constructed with the aid of wave tracing for the random choice method. Our functional reveals the aspects of nonlinear wave behavior, particularly the coupling of waves pertaining to different characteristic families, which affects the Li norm of the solutions.

We consider the optimization approach to the acousto-electric imaging problem. Assuming that the electric conductivity distribution is a small perturbation of a constant, we investigate the least-squares estimate analytically using (multiple) Fourier series, and confirm the widely observed fact that acousto-electric imaging has high resolution and is statistically stable. We also analyze the case of partial data and the case of limited-view data, in which some singularities of the conductivity can still be imaged.

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Let$f:V$→$R$be a function defined on a subset$V$of$R$^{$n$}×$R$^{$d$}let$⃜:x→$inf{$f(x t)$;$t$such that$(x t)∈V}$denote the$shadow$of$f$and let$Φ$=${(x t)∈V; f(x t)=⃜(x)}$This paper deals with the characterization of some properties of ⃜ in terms of the infinitesimal behavior of$f$near points ζ∈$Φ$proving in particular a conjecture of J M Trépreau concerning the case$d$=1 Characterizations of this type are provided for the convexity the subharmonicity or the$C$^{1 1}regularity of ⃜ in the interior of$I={x∈$$R$^{n};ε$R$^{d}$(x t)∈V}$and in the$C$^{1 1}case an expression for$D$^{2}⃜ is given To some extent an answer is given to the following question: which convex function ⃜:$I$→$R$$I$interval ϒ$R$(resp which function √:$I$→$R$of class$C$^{1 1}) is the shadow of a$C$^{2}function$f:I$×$R→R$?