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We give complete detail of the description of the GNS representation of the quantum plane A and its dual  as a von Neumann algebra. In particular, we obtain a rather surprising result that the multiplicative unitary W is manageable in this quantum semigroup context. We study the quantum double group construction introduced by Woronowicz, and using Baaj and Vaes' construction of the multiplicative unitary Wm, we give the GNS description of the quantum double D(A) which is equivalent to GLq+(2, ℝ). Furthermore, we study the fundamental corepresentation Tλ, t and its matrix coefficients, and show that it can be expressed by the b-hypergeometric function. We also study the regular corepresentation and representation induced by Wm and prove that the space of L2 functions on the quantum double decomposes into the continuous series representation of Uqq̃(gl(2, ℝ)) with the quantum dilogarithm {pipe}Sb(Q+2iα){pipe}2 as the Plancherel measure. Finally, we describe certain representation theoretic meaning of integral transforms involving the quantum dilogarithm function.

In this paper, we study the Li stability of perturbation of constant states for 2 x 2 systems of conservation laws. We introduce a nonlinear functional which is equivalent to the Li norm of the difference between the constant state and the approximate solutions consisting of elementary waves and is non-increasing in time for the limiting weak solution. This yields the Li stability of the constant states. The approximate solutions are constructed with the aid of wave tracing for the random choice method. Our functional reveals the aspects of nonlinear wave behavior, particularly the coupling of waves pertaining to different characteristic families, which affects the Li norm of the solutions.

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In G2 manifolds, 3-dimensional associative submanifolds (instantons) play a role similar to J-holomorphic curves in symplectic geometry. In [21], instantons in G2 manifolds were constructed from regular J-holomorphic curves in coassociative submanifolds. In this exposition paper, after reviewing the background of G2 geometry, we explain the main ingredients in the proofs in [21]. We also construct new examples of instantons.