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Quantitatively identifying direct dependencies between variables is an important task in data analysis, in particular for reconstructing various types of networks and causal relations in science and engineering. One of the most widely used criteria is partial correlation, but it can only measure linearly direct association and miss nonlinear associations. However, based on conditional independence, conditional mutual information (CMI) is able to quantify nonlinearly direct relationships among variables from the observed data, superior to linear measures, but suffers from a serious problem of underestimation, in particular for those variables with tight associations in a network, which severely limits its applications. In this work, we propose a new concept, “partial independence,” with a new measure, “part mutual information” (PMI), which not only can overcome the problem of CMI but also retains the quantification properties of both mutual information (MI) and CMI. Specifically, we first defined PMI to measure nonlinearly direct dependencies between variables and then derived its relations with MI and CMI. Finally, we used a number of simulated data as benchmark examples to numerically demonstrate PMI features and further real gene expression data from Escherichia coli and yeast to reconstruct gene regulatory networks, which all validated the advantages of PMI for accurately quantifying nonlinearly direct associations in networks.

Using the celebrated Witten-Kontsevich theorem, we prove a recursive formula of the n -point functions for intersection numbers on moduli spaces of curves. It has been used to prove the Faber intersection number conjecture and motivated us to find some conjectural vanishing identities for Gromov-Witten invariants. The latter has been proved recently by X. Liu and R. Pandharipande. We also give a combinatorial interpretation of n -point functions in terms of summation over binary trees.

In this paper we explicitly construct Moishezon twistor spaces on nCP2 for arbitrary n ≥ 2 which admit a holomorphic Caction. When n = 2, they coincide with Y. Poon’s twistor spaces. When n = 3, they coincide with the ones studied by the author in [14]. When n ≥ 4, they are new twistor spaces, to the best of the author’s knowledge. By investigating the anticanonical system, we show that our twistor spaces are bimeromorphic to conic bundles over certain rational surfaces. The latter surfaces can be regarded as orbit spaces of the C-action on the twistor spaces. Namely they are minitwistor spaces. We explicitly determine their defining equations in CP4. It turns out that the structure of the minitwistor space is independent of n. Further, we explicitly construct a CP2-bundle over the resolution of this surface, and provide an explicit defining equation of the conic bundles. It shows that the number of irreducible components of the discriminant locus for the conic bundles increases as n does. Thus our twistor spaces have a lot of similarities with the famous LeBrun twistor spaces, where the minitwistor space CP1 ×CP1 in LeBrun’s case is replaced by our minitwistor spaces found in [15].