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In last decades, there has been much effort on the solution and the analysis of the nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) by reformulating NCP as an unconstrained minimization involving an NCP function. In this paper, we propose a family of new NCP functions, which include the Fischer-Burmeister function as a special case, based on a <i>p</i>-norm with <i>p</i> being any fixed real number in the interval (1,+), and show several favorable properties of the proposed functions. In addition, we also propose a descent algorithm that is indeed derivative-free for solving the unconstrained minimization based on the merit functions from the proposed NCP functions. Numerical results for the test problems from MCPLIB indicate that the descent algorithm has better performance when the parameter <i>p</i> decreases in (1,+). This implies that the merit functions associated with <i>p</i>(1,2), for example <i>p</i>=1.5, are more effective

This paper is devoted to finding the highest possible focus order of planar polynomial differential equations. The results consist of two parts: (i) we explicitly construct a class of concrete systems of degree n, where n+1 is a prime p or a power of a prime p^k, and show that these systems can have a focus order n^2-n; (ii) we theoretically prove the existence of polynomial systems of degree n having a focus order n^2-1 for any even number n. Corresponding results for odd n and more concrete examples having higher focus orders are given too.

We introduce a pictorial approach to quantum information, called holographic software. Our software captures both algebraic and topological aspects of quantum networks. It yields a bi-directional dictionary to translate between a topological approach and an algebraic approach. Using our software, we give a topological simulation for quantum networks. The string Fourier transform (SFT) is our basic tool to transform product states into states with maximal entanglement entropy. We obtain a pictorial interpretation of Fourier transformation, of measurements, and of local transformations, including the n-qudit Pauli matrices and their representation by Jordan-Wigner transformations. We use our software to discover interesting new protocols for multipartite communication. In summary, we build a bridge linking the theory of planar para algebras with quantum information.