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We study the topology of a complete asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein manifold of which its conformal boundary has positive Yamabe invariant. We prove that all maps from such manifold into any nonpositively curved manifold are homotopically trivial. Our proof is based on a Bochner type argument on harmonic maps.

We develop the foundation of the complex symplectic geometry of Lagrangian subvarieties in a hyperk¨ahler manifold. We establish a characterization, a Chern number inequality, topological and geometrical properties of Lagrangian submanifolds. We discuss a category of Lagrangian subvarieties and its relationship with the theory of Lagrangian intersection. We also introduce and study extensively a normalized Legendre transformation of Lagrangian subvarieties under a birational transformation of projective hyperk¨ahler manifolds. We give a Pl¨ucker type formula for Lagrangian intersections under this transformation.

We identify a combinatorial quantity (the alternating sum of the h-vector) defined for any simple polytope as the signature of a toric variety. This quantity was introduced by R. Charney and M. Davis in their work, which in particular showed that its nonnegativity is closely related to a conjecture of H. Hopf on the Euler characteristic of a nonpositively curved manifold. We prove positive (or nonnegative) lower bounds for this quantity under geometric hypotheses on the polytope and, in particular, resolve a special case of their conjecture. These hypotheses lead to ampleness (or weaker conditions) for certain line bundles on toric divisors, and then the lower bounds follow from calculations using the Hirzebruch signature formula. Moreover, we show that under these hypotheses on the polytope, the ith L-class of the corresponding toric variety is (−1)^i times an effective class for any i .

We develop a unifed theory to study geometry of manifolds with different holonomy groups. They are classified by (1) real, complex, quaternion or octonion number (in the appropriate cases) and (2) being special or not. Specialty is an orientation with respect to the corresponding normed algebra A. For example, special Riemannian A-manifolds are oriented Riemannian, Calabi-Yau, hyperk¨ahler and G2-manifolds respectively. For vector bundles over such manifolds, we introduce (special) A-connections. They include holomorphic, Hermitian Yang-Mills, Anti-Self-Dual and Donaldson-Thomas connections. Similarly we introduce (special) 1/2 A-Lagrangian submanifolds as maximally real submanifolds. They include (special) Lagrangian, complex Lagrangian, Cayley and (co-)associative submanifolds. We also discuss geometric dualities from this viewpoint: Fourier transformations on A-geometry for flat tori and a conjectural SYZ mirror transformation from (special) A-geometry to (special) 1/2 A-Lagrangian geometry on mirror special A-manifolds.