In this paper, we demonstrate the existence part of the discrete Orlicz Minkowski problem, which is a non-trivial extension of the discrete Lp Minkowski problem for 0 < p < 1.

The original goal of this paper is to extend the affine isoperimetric inequality and Steiner type inequality of Orlicz projection bodies (which originated to Lutwak, Yang, and Zhang [36]), from convex bodies to Lipschitz star bodies (whose radial functions are locally Lipschitz). In order to achieve it, we investigate the graph functions of the given Lipschitz star body K: Along almost all directions u, we can define the graph functions on an open dense subset of the orthogonal projection of K onto u⊥.

General affine invariances related to Mahler volume are introduced. We establish their affine isoperimetric inequalities by using a symmetrization scheme that involves a total of 2n elaborately chosen Steiner symmetrizations at a time. The necessity of this scheme, as opposed to the usual Steiner symmetrization, is demonstrated with an example (see the Appendix).

The conjecture about the Orlicz Pólya–Szegö principle posed in [42] is proved. The cases of equality are characterized in the affine Orlicz Pólya–Szegö principle with respect to Steiner symmetrization and Schwarz spherical symmetrization.

In this paper, we establish the local existence and uniqueness of multi-dimensional contact discontinuities for the ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in Sobolev spaces, which are most typical interfacial waves for astrophysical plasmas and prototypical fundamental waves for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Such waves are characteristic discontinuities for which there is no flow across the discontinuity surface while the magnetic field crosses transversely, which lead to a two-phase free boundary problem where the pressure, velocity and magnetic field are continuous across the interface whereas the entropy and density may have jumps. To overcome the difficulties of possible nonlinear Rayleigh--Taylor instability and loss of derivatives, here we use crucially the Lagrangian formulation and the Cauchy formula (1882) for the magnetic field. This enables us to capture the boundary regularizing effect of the transversal magnetic field on the flow map, and on the other hand, it allows us to define a special good unknown of the magnetic field to get around the troublesome boundary integrals due to the transversality of the magnetic field. In particular, our result removes the additional assumption of the Rayleigh--Taylor sign condition required by Morando, Tarkhinin and Trebeschi (\emph{J. Differential Equations} \textbf{258} (2015), no. 7, 2531--2571; \emph{Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.} \textbf{228} (2018), no. 2, 697--742) and holds for both 2D and 3D and hence gives a complete answer to the two open questions raised therein. Moreover, there is {\it no loss of derivatives} in our well-posedness theory. The solution is constructed as {\it the inviscid limit} of solutions to well-chosen nonlinear approximate problems for the two-phase compressible viscous non-resistive MHD.