For a random quantum state on $\cH=\C^d \otimes \C^d$ obtained by partial tracing a random pure state on $\cH \otimes \C^s$, we consider the question whether it is typically separable or typically entangled. For this problem, we show the existence of a sharp threshold $s_0=s_0(d)$ of order roughly $d^3$. More precisely, for any $\e>0$ and for $d$ large enough, such a random state is entangled with very large probability when $s \leq (1-\e)s_0$, and separable with very large probability when $s \geq (1+\e) s_0$. One consequence of this result is as follows: for a system of $N$ identical particles in a random pure state, there is a threshold $k_0 = k_0(N)\sim N/5$ such that two subsystems of $k$ particles each typically share entanglement if $k>k_0$, and typically do not share entanglement if $k<k_0$. Our methods work also for multipartite systems and for ``unbalanced'' systems such as $\C^{d_1} \otimes \C^{d_2} $, ${d_1} \neq {d_2} $. The arguments rely on random matrices, classical convexity, high-dimensional probability and geometry of Banach spaces; some of the auxiliary results may be of reference value.

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Introduction. The classical Schwarz-Pick lemma states that any holomorphic map of the unit disk into itself decreases the Poincare metric. Later Ahlfors generalized this lemma to holomorphic mappings between two Riemann surfaces where curvatures of these Riemann surfaces were used in a very explicit way. More recently, Chern initiated the study of holomorphic mappings between higher-dimensional complex manifold by generalizing the Ahlfors lemma to these spaces. Then this lemma was further extended by Kobayashi, Griffiths, Wu and others. It plays a very important role in their theory. In this note, we shall prove the following generalization of the Schwarz lemma.

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