If an (n + 2)-dimensional Lorentzian manifold is indecomposable, but non-irreducible, then its holonomy algebra is contained in the parabolic algebra (R⊕so(n)).Rn. We show that its projection onto so(n) is the holonomy algebra of a Riemannian manifold. This leads to a classification of Lorentzian holonomy groups and implies that the holonomy group of an indecomposable Lorentzian spin manifold with parallel spinor equals to G . Rn where G is a product of SU(p), Sp(q), G2 or Spin(7).

We study the isoperimetric structure of asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifolds (M, g) that are C0-asymptotic to Schwarzschild of mass m > 0. Refining an argument due to H. Bray, we obtain an effective volume comparison theorem in Schwarzschild. We use it to show that isoperimetric regions exist in (M, g) for all sufficiently large volumes, and that they are close to centered coordinate spheres. This implies that the volume-preserving stable constant mean curvature spheres constructed by G. Huisken and S.-T. Yau as well as R. Ye as perturbations of large centered coordinate spheres minimize area among all competing surfaces that enclose the same volume. This confirms a conjecture of H. Bray. Our results are consistent with the uniqueness results for volumepreserving stable constant mean curvature surfaces in initial data sets obtained by G. Huisken and S.-T. Yau and strengthened by J. Qing and G. Tian. The additional hypotheses that the surfaces be spherical and far out in the asymptotic region in their results are not necessary in our work.

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We study the solvability problem for the multidimensional Riccati equation −∇$u$=|∇$u$|^{q}+ω, where$q$>1 and ω is an arbitrary nonnegative function (or measure). We also discuss connections with the classical problem of the existence of positive solutions for the Schrödinger equation −Δ$u$−ω$u$=0 with nonnegative potential ω. We establish explicit criteria for the existence of global solutions on$R$^{n}in terms involving geometric (capacity) estimates or pointwise behavior of Riesz potentials, together with sharp pointwise estimates of solutions and their gradients. We also consider the corresponding nonlinear Dirichlet problem on a bounded domain, as well as more general equations of the type$−Lu=f(x, u, ∇u)$+ω where, and$L$is a uniformly elliptic operator.

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