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We study the solvability problem for the multidimensional Riccati equation −∇$u$=|∇$u$|^{q}+ω, where$q$>1 and ω is an arbitrary nonnegative function (or measure). We also discuss connections with the classical problem of the existence of positive solutions for the Schrödinger equation −Δ$u$−ω$u$=0 with nonnegative potential ω. We establish explicit criteria for the existence of global solutions on$R$^{n}in terms involving geometric (capacity) estimates or pointwise behavior of Riesz potentials, together with sharp pointwise estimates of solutions and their gradients. We also consider the corresponding nonlinear Dirichlet problem on a bounded domain, as well as more general equations of the type$−Lu=f(x, u, ∇u)$+ω where, and$L$is a uniformly elliptic operator.

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We prove the following conjecture of Furstenberg (1969): if 𝐴,𝐵⊂[0,1] are closed and invariant under ×𝑝 mod1 and ×𝑞 mod1, respectively, and if log𝑝/log𝑞∉ℚ, then for all real numbers 𝑢 and 𝑣, dim_H (𝑢𝐴 + 𝑣) ∩ 𝐵 ≤ max {0, dim_H 𝐴 + dim_H 𝐵 − 1}. We obtain this result as a consequence of our study on the intersections of incommensurable self-similar sets on ℝ. Our methods also allow us to give upper bounds for dimensions of arbitrary slices of planar self-similar sets satisfying SSC and certain natural irreducible conditions.

We define a hierarchy of Hamiltonian PDEs associated to an arbitrary tau-function in the semi-simple orbit of the Givental group action on genus expansions of Frobenius manifolds. We prove that the equations, the Hamiltonians, and the bracket are weightedhomogeneous polynomials in the derivatives of the dependent variables with respect to the space variable. In the particular case of a conformal (homogeneous) Frobenius structure, our hierarchy coincides with the Dubrovin–Zhang hierarchy that is canonically associated to the underlying Frobenius structure. Therefore, our approach allows to prove the polynomiality of the equations, Hamiltonians, and one of the Poisson brackets of these hierarchies, as conjectured by Dubrovin and Zhang.