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Kadison and Kastler introduced a natural metric on the collection of all$C$*-subalgebras of the bounded operators on a separable Hilbert space. They conjectured that sufficiently close algebras are unitarily conjugate. We establish this conjecture when one algebra is separable and nuclear. We also consider one-sided versions of these notions, and we obtain embeddings from certain near inclusions involving separable nuclear$C$*-algebras. At the end of the paper we demonstrate how our methods lead to improved characterisations of some of the types of algebras that are of current interest in the classification programme.

We explain how the classical notions of Fisher information of a random variable and Fisher information matrix of a random vector can be extended to a much broader setting. We also show that Stam’s inequality for Fisher information and Shannon entropy, as well as the more generalized versions proved earlier by the authors, are all special cases of more general sharp inequalities satisfied by random vectors. The extremal random vectors, which we call generalized Gaussians, contain Gaussians as a limiting case but are noteworthy because they are heavy- tailed.

It is well known that the spectral measure of eigenvalues of a rescaled square non-Hermitian random matrix with independent entries satises the circular law. We consider the product $T X$, where $T$ is a deterministic $N\times M$ matrix and $X$ is a random $M\times  N$ matrix with independent entries having zero mean and variance $(N \wedge M) ^{-1}$. We prove a general local circular law for the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of $TX$ at any point $z$ away from the unit circle under the assumptions that$ N \sim M$, and the matrix entries $X_{ij} have suciently high moments. More precisely, if $z$ satisfes $| |z|
- 1| \ge \tau$  for arbitrarily small $\tau > 0, the ESD of $TX$ converges to $\tilde{X}_D (z) d A(z)$, where $\tilde{X}_D$ is a rotation-invariant function determined by the singular valuau of $T$ and $dA$ denotes the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{C}$. The local circular law is valid around $z$ up to scale $(N \wedge M) ^{-1/4+\epsilon}$ for any  $\epsilon >0$. Moreover, if $|z| >1$ or the matrix entries of $X$ have vanishing third moments, the local circular law is valid around $z$ up to scale $(N \wedge M) ^{-1/2+\epsilon}$ for any  $\epsilon >0$.

In this paper, we give a simultaneous vanishing principle for the $v$-adic Carlitz multiple polylogarithms (abbreviated as CMPLs) at algebraic points, where $v$ is a finite place of the rational function field over a finite field. This principle establishes the fact that the $v$-adic vanishing of CMPLs at algebraic points is equivalent to its $\infty$-adic counterpart being Eulerian. This reveals a nontrivial connection between the $v$-adic and $\infty$-adic worlds in positive characteristic.