We apply a study of orders in quaternion algebras, to the differential geometry of Riemann surfaces. The least length of a closed geodesic on a hyperbolic surface is called its systole,and denoted sysπ1. P. Buser and P. Sarnak constructed Riemann surfaces X whose systole behaves logarithmically in the genus g(X). The Fuchsian groups in their examples are principal congruence subgroups of a fixed arithmetic group with rational trace field. We generalize their construction to principal congruence subgroups of arbitrary arithmetic surfaces. The key tool is a new trace estimate valid for an arbitrary ideal in a quaternion algebra. We obtain a particularly sharp bound for a principal congruence tower of Hurwitz surfaces (PCH), namely the 4/3bound sysπ1(XPCH) ≥ 43 log(g(XPCH)). Similar results are obtained for the systole of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, relative to their simplicial volume.

We make the elementary observation that the Lagrangian submanifolds of$C$^{$n$},$n$≥3, constructed by Ekholm, Eliashberg, Murphy and Smith are non-uniruled and, moreover, have infinite relative Gromov width. The construction of these submanifolds involve exact Lagrangian caps, which obviously are non-uniruled in themselves. This property is also used to show that if a Legendrian submanifold inside a contactisation admits an exact Lagrangian cap, then its Chekanov–Eliashberg algebra is acyclic.

We compute a momentum space version of the entanglement spectrum and entanglement entropy of general Young tableau states, and one-point functions on Young tableau states. These physical quantities are used to measure the topology of the dual spacetime geometries in the context of gauge/gravity correspondence. The idea that Young tableau states can be obtained by superposing coherent states is explicitly verified. In this quantum superposition, a topologically distinct geometry is produced by superposing states dual to geometries with a trivial topology. Furthermore we have a refined bound for the overlap between coherent states and the rectangular Young tableau state, by using the techniques of symmetric groups and representations. This bound is exponentially suppressed by the total edge length of the Young tableau. It is also found that the norm squared of the overlaps is bounded above by inverse powers of the exponential of the entanglement entropies. We also compute the overlaps between Young tableau states and other states including squeezed states and multi-mode entangled states which have similarities with those appeared in quantum information theory.

We present an algorithm for shape reconstruction from incomplete 3D scans by fusing together two acquisition modes: 2D photographs and 3D scans. The two modes exhibit complementary characteristics: scans have depth information, but are often sparse and incomplete; photographs, on the other hand, are dense and have high resolution, but lack important depth information. In this work we fuse the two modes, taking advantage of their complementary information, to enhance 3D shape reconstruction from an incomplete scan with a 2D photograph. We compute geometrical and topological shape properties in 2D photographs and use them to reconstruct a shape from an incomplete 3D scan in a principled manner. Our key observation is that shape properties such as boundaries, smooth patches and local connectivity, can be inferred with high confidence from 2D photographs. Thus, we register the 3D scan with the 2D photograph and use scanned points as 3D depth cues for lifting 2D shape structures into 3D. Our contribution is an algorithm which significantly regularizes and enhances the problem of 3D reconstruction from partial scans by lifting 2D shape structures into 3D. We evaluate our algorithm on various shapes which are loosely scanned and photographed from different views, and compare them with state-of-the-art reconstruction methods.

We shall be concerned with the indicator$p$of an analytic functional μ on a complex manifold$U$: $$p(\varphi ) = \overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to + \infty } } \frac{l}{t}\log \left| {\mu (e^{t\varphi } )} \right|,$$ where ϕ is an arbitrary analytic function on$U$. More specifically, we shall consider the smallest upper semicontinuous majorant$p$^{$J$}of the restriction of$p$to a subspace £ of the analytic functions. An obvious problem is then to characterize the set of functions$p$^{$J$}which can occur as regularizations of indicators. In the case when$U$=$C$^{$n$}and £ is the space of all linear functions on$C$^{$n$}, this set can be described more easily as the set of functions(0.1) $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\theta \to \zeta } \overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to + \infty } } \frac{l}{t}\log \left| {u(t\theta )} \right|$$ of$n$complex variables ζ∈$C$^{$n$}where$u$is an entire function of exponential type in$C$^{$n$}. We hall prove that a function in$C$^{$n$}is of the form (0.1) for some entire function$u$of exponential type if and only if it is plurisubharmonic and positively homogeneous of order one (Theorem 3.4). The proof is based on the characterization given by Fujita and Takeuchi of those open subsets of complex projective$n$-space which are Stein manifolds.