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Let$M$be a connected, noncompact, complete Riemannian manifold, consider the operator$L=Δ+∇V$for some$V∈C$^{2}(M) with exp[$V$] integrable with respect to the Riemannian volume element. This paper studies the existence of the spectral gap of$L$. As a consequence of the main result, let ϱ be the distance function from a point o, then the spectral gap exists provided lim_{ϱ→∞}sup$L$_{ϱ<0}while the spectral gap does not exist if o is a pole and lim_{ϱ→∞}inf$L$_{ϱ≥0}. Moreover, the elliptic operators on$R$^{$d$}are also studied.

We derive a direct inversion formula for the exponential Radon transform. Our formula requires only the values of the transform over an 180° range of angles. It is an explicit formula, except that it involves a holomorphic function for which an explicit expression has not been found. In practice, this function can be approximated by an easily computed polynomial of rather low degree.

Let$Z$be the zero set of a holomorphic section$f$of a Hermitian vector bundle. It is proved that the current of integration over the irreducible components of$Z$of top degree, counted with multiplicities, is a product of a residue factor$R$^{$f$}and a “Jacobian factor”. There is also a relation to the Monge-Ampère expressions ($dd$^{$c$}log|$f$|)^{$k$}, which we define for all positive powers$k$.