The distribution of property is established through various mechanisms. In this paper we study the acreage distribution of land plots owned by natural persons in the Zln Region of the Czech Republic. We show that the data are explained in terms of a simple model in which the inheritance and market behavior are combined.

Convergence theories and a deluxe dual and primal finite element tearing and interconnecting algorithm are developed for a hybrid staggered DG finite element approximation of H(curl) elliptic problems in two dimensions. In addition to the advantages of staggered DG methods, the basis functions of the new hybrid staggered DG method are all locally supported in the triangular elements, and a Lagrange multiplier approach is applied to enforce the global connections of these basis functions. The interface problem on the Lagrange multipliers is further reduced to the resulting problem on the subdomain interfaces, and a dual and primal finite element tearing and interconnecting algorithm with an enriched weight factor is then applied to the resulting problem. Our algorithm is shown to give a condition number bound of <i>C</i>(1+log(<i>H</i><i>h</i>))², independent of the two parameters, where <i>H</i><i>h</i> is the number of

In this paper, we consider the numerical approximation of the three-dimensional poroelastic wave equations in the spherical coordinate system. One difficulty in the design of an efficient numerical scheme is that the problem is singular in the center and the polar axes of the computational domain. Nevertheless, we develop a hybrid finite difference/control volume method for solving this problem. Our method is explicit and is second order accurate in both space and time. Numerical results are shown to confirm the convergence rate of our method and the effectiveness to simulate wave propagation in poroelastic media in the spherical coordinate system.

In this paper, gold ball wire bonding at low temperature using a high frequency transducer was evaluated. The substrates used were FR-4 laminates with two different gold-plated surface finishes: electrolytic and immersion gold-plated. Bonding temperatures of 120/spl deg/C, 80/spl deg/C and 40/spl deg/C were investigated with 1 mil fine pitch gold wire. Prior to wire bonding, the laminates and dice were plasma treated. The surfaces were analyzed prior to and after plasma treatment before wire bonding using XPS and AFM. Bonded areas were also analyzed using SEM. Design of experiment (DOE) techniques have been employed to optimize the bonding parameters at each temperature. The response of the DOE was evaluated by using bond shear and bond pull. The results show that bonding at low temperature is viable with the use of a high frequency transducer wire bonder.

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