The paper aims at analytically exhibiting for the first time the fundamental mechanisms underlying the fact that effective biological tissue electrical properties and their frequency dependence reflect the tissue composition and physiology. For doing so, a homogenization theory is derived to describe the effective admittivity of cell suspensions. A new formula is reported for dilute cases that gives the frequency-dependent effective admittivity with re- spect to the membrane polarization. Different microstructures are shown to be distinguish- able via spectroscopic measurements of the overall admittivity using the spectral properties of the membrane polarization. The Debye relaxation times associated with the membrane polarization tensor are shown to be able to give the microscopic structure of the medium. A natural measure of the admittivity anisotropy is introduced and its dependence on the frequency of applied current is derived. A Maxwell-Wagner-Fricke formula is given for concentric circular cells, and the results can be extended to the random cases. A randomly deformed periodic medium is also considered and a new formula is derived for the overall admittivity of a dilute suspension of randomly deformed cells.

We investigate the singularity formation of a 3D model that was recently proposed by Hou and Lei (2009) in [15] for axisymmetric 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with swirl. The main difference between the 3D model of Hou and Lei and the reformulated 3D Navier–Stokes equations is that the convection term is neglected in the 3D model. This model shares many properties of the 3D incompressible Navier– Stokes equations. One of the main results of this paper is that we prove rigorously the finite time singularity formation of the 3D inviscid model for a class of initial boundary value problems with smooth initial data of finite energy. We also prove the global regularity of the 3D inviscid model for a class of small smooth initial data.

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In this paper, we derive estimates for scalar curvature type equations with more singular right hand side. As an application, we prove Donaldson's conjecture on the equivalence between geodesic stability and existence of cscK when $Aut_0(M,J)\neq0$. Moreover, we show that when $Aut_0(M,J)\neq0$, the properness of $K$-energy with respect to a suitably defined distance implies the existence of cscK.

Abstract In this paper, we provide an alternative proof for the classical Sz. Nagy inequality in one dimension by a variational method and generalize it to higher dimensions J(h):=(∫Rd|h| dx)a611∫Rd|63h|2 dx(∫Rd|h|m+1 dx)a+1m+1≥β0, where m > 0 for d = 1, 2, for , and . The Euler–Lagrange equation for critical points of in the non-negative radial decreasing function space is given by a free boundary problem for a generalized Lane–Emden equation, which has a unique solution (denoted by h c ) and the solution determines the best constant for the above generalized Sz. Nagy inequality. The connection between the critical mass for the thin-film equation and the best constant of the Sz. Nagy inequality in one dimension was first noted by Witelski et al (2004 Eur. J. Appl. Math. 15 223–56). For the following critical thin film equation in multi-dimension ht+6366(h 63Δh)+6366(h 63hm)=0,x∈Rd, where m = 1 + 2/d, the critical mass is also given by . A finite time blow-up occurs for solutions with the initial mass larger than M c . On the other hand, if the initial mass is less than M c and a global non-negative entropy weak solution exists, then the second moment goes to infinity as or in for some subsequence . This shows that a part of the mass spreads to infinity.